一箭三雕!吃“全谷物”改变代谢、肠道微生物和免疫反应

2017-02-10 佚名 生物探索

日前,塔夫茨大学的科学家们发表在同一杂志上的两项研究成果分别证实,吃全谷物能够增加卡路里消耗,同时还能够轻微改善肠道微生物群和免疫反应。


2月8日,在线发表于The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition杂志上题为“Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial favorably affects energy-balance metrics in healthy men and postmenopausal women”的一项研究表明,在饮食中用全谷物(whole grains)替代细粮(refined grains)通过在消化过程中降低卡路里的保留以及加速新陈代谢增加了热量损失。

先前,很多流行病学研究提出了摄入全谷物和高膳食纤维的健康益处,包括血糖控制等。然而,全谷物和纤维对体重管理是否是有益的一直存在争议。这项新研究可能会帮助解释为什么摄入全谷物对体重管理是有益的。

1吃全谷物增加卡路里消耗

具体来说,研究小组进行了一项为期8周的随机单盲比较研究,参与者是81名年龄在40岁到65岁之间的男性和女性。研究的前两周,所有的参与者吃相同类型的食物。2周后,参与者被随机分配到吃全谷物或吃细粮的小组。研究期间,科学家们测量了参与者的体重、代谢率、血糖、粪便卡路里、饥饿和饱腹感。

结果发现,与吃细粮的人相比,吃全谷物的人由于静息代谢率增加,且粪便能量损失更大,每天额外消耗近100卡路里。该研究的通讯作者Susan B. Roberts博士说:“吃全谷物的人额外消耗的卡路里相当于快步走30分钟产生的作用。”

2吃全谷物改善肠道微生物群和免疫反应

同日,一项相关的结果以“Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial has a modest effect on gut microbiota and immune and inflammatory markers of healthy adults”为题发表在同一杂志上。研究结果显示,吃全谷物能够适度改善健康的肠道微生物群以及某些免疫反应。

先前,科学家们推测,全谷物饮食是通过减少炎症降低心脏病、2型糖尿病和某些癌症的风险。在这一研究中,研究小组分析了富含全谷物的饮食对免疫反应、炎症反应、肠道微生物群以及排便频率的影响。

肠道微生物群和短链脂肪酸被认为是健康的免疫和炎症功能的重要贡献者。为了弄清楚全谷物饮食如何影响肠道微生物群,研究小组检测了粪便中细菌的组成和短链脂肪酸的浓度。结果发现,吃全谷物的参与者粪便中产生短链脂肪酸的毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)增加了,而促炎细菌Enterbacteriaceae减少了。

此外,研究中,血液样本分析揭示了不同饮食的参与者在记忆T细胞水平和TNF-α产生上的差异。具体来说,吃全谷物导致了记忆T细胞水平增加,而吃细粮导致了TNF-α产生的降低。其它炎性细胞因子水平未发生变化。不过,研究人员强调,这些差异并不大。

原始出处:

Sally M Vanegas, Mohsen Meydani, Junaidah B Barnett,et al.Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial has a modest effect on gut microbiota and immune and inflammatory markers of healthy adults.Am J Clin Nutr.February 8, 2017.

J Philip Karl, Mohsen Meydani,Junaidah B Barnett,et al.Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial favorably affects energy-balance metrics in healthy men and postmenopausal women.Am J Clin Nutr.February 8, 2017.

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    2017-09-23 licz0435
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    2017-11-11 lyh994

    吃全谷物导致了记忆T细胞水平增加.而吃细粮导致了TNF-α产生的降低.其它炎性细胞因子水平未发生变化.不过.研究人员强调.这些差异并不大.

    0

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    2017-02-27 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    多吃粗粮

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1745009, encodeId=ebca1e45009a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c39d921e332' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谷物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92173, encryptionId=c39d921e332, topicName=谷物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=113b35497390, createdName=licz0435, createdTime=Sat Sep 23 23:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260484, encodeId=e7302604841e, content=吃全谷物导致了记忆T细胞水平增加.而吃细粮导致了TNF-α产生的降低.其它炎性细胞因子水平未发生变化.不过.研究人员强调.这些差异并不大., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sat Nov 11 10:03:16 CST 2017, time=2017-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824719, encodeId=4ce31824e1965, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Thu May 04 13:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178118, encodeId=28d81e8118e6, content=多吃粗粮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Feb 27 22:04:50 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280149, encodeId=693712801495a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bbe289846f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28984, encryptionId=2bbe289846f, topicName=免疫反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, createdName=cnxcy, createdTime=Sun Feb 12 02:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175650, encodeId=77591e5650c9, content=这样的研究结果令人兴奋,更增加了我吃粗粮的信心!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170110/IMG587462ED91F877489.jpg, createdBy=cf801984270, createdName=多福爱, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 23:19:39 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175385, encodeId=4b081e538522, content=很好的学习资料,感谢了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161026/IMG58107C0F82E499574.jpg, createdBy=00e81970035, createdName=1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Feb 10 12:35:57 CST 2017, time=2017-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1745009, encodeId=ebca1e45009a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c39d921e332' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谷物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92173, encryptionId=c39d921e332, topicName=谷物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=113b35497390, createdName=licz0435, createdTime=Sat Sep 23 23:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260484, encodeId=e7302604841e, content=吃全谷物导致了记忆T细胞水平增加.而吃细粮导致了TNF-α产生的降低.其它炎性细胞因子水平未发生变化.不过.研究人员强调.这些差异并不大., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sat Nov 11 10:03:16 CST 2017, time=2017-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824719, encodeId=4ce31824e1965, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Thu May 04 13:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178118, encodeId=28d81e8118e6, content=多吃粗粮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Feb 27 22:04:50 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280149, encodeId=693712801495a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bbe289846f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28984, encryptionId=2bbe289846f, topicName=免疫反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, createdName=cnxcy, createdTime=Sun Feb 12 02:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175650, encodeId=77591e5650c9, content=这样的研究结果令人兴奋,更增加了我吃粗粮的信心!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170110/IMG587462ED91F877489.jpg, createdBy=cf801984270, createdName=多福爱, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 23:19:39 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175385, encodeId=4b081e538522, content=很好的学习资料,感谢了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161026/IMG58107C0F82E499574.jpg, createdBy=00e81970035, createdName=1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Feb 10 12:35:57 CST 2017, time=2017-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-11 多福爱

    这样的研究结果令人兴奋,更增加了我吃粗粮的信心!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1745009, encodeId=ebca1e45009a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c39d921e332' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谷物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92173, encryptionId=c39d921e332, topicName=谷物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=113b35497390, createdName=licz0435, createdTime=Sat Sep 23 23:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260484, encodeId=e7302604841e, content=吃全谷物导致了记忆T细胞水平增加.而吃细粮导致了TNF-α产生的降低.其它炎性细胞因子水平未发生变化.不过.研究人员强调.这些差异并不大., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sat Nov 11 10:03:16 CST 2017, time=2017-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824719, encodeId=4ce31824e1965, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Thu May 04 13:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178118, encodeId=28d81e8118e6, content=多吃粗粮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Feb 27 22:04:50 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280149, encodeId=693712801495a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bbe289846f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28984, encryptionId=2bbe289846f, topicName=免疫反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, createdName=cnxcy, createdTime=Sun Feb 12 02:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175650, encodeId=77591e5650c9, content=这样的研究结果令人兴奋,更增加了我吃粗粮的信心!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170110/IMG587462ED91F877489.jpg, createdBy=cf801984270, createdName=多福爱, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 23:19:39 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175385, encodeId=4b081e538522, content=很好的学习资料,感谢了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161026/IMG58107C0F82E499574.jpg, createdBy=00e81970035, createdName=1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Feb 10 12:35:57 CST 2017, time=2017-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-10 1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称)

    很好的学习资料,感谢了。

    0