MPLUS结构方程模型应用解析与案例

2015-02-23 MedSci MedSci原创

MPLUS软件已成为结构方程模型的主流软件,受到心理学,社会科学,经济学等学科研究者的青睐。Mplus是一个统计建模软件为研究者提供了一个灵活的工具来分析数据,提供了多种选择,具有易于使用的图形界面和展示数据分析结果的模式,估计和算法。Mplus允许一起分析横断面和纵向数据,单层和多层数据,来自不同的母体的数据,无论可见或不可见的异质。可分析可见的变量是continuous(连续数据), cons

MPLUS软件已成为结构方程模型的主流软件,受到心理学,社会科学,经济学等学科研究者的青睐。

Mplus是一个统计建模软件为研究者提供了一个灵活的工具来分析数据,提供了多种选择,具有易于使用的图形界面和展示数据分析结果的模式,估计和算法。Mplus允许一起分析横断面和纵向数据,单层和多层数据,来自不同的母体的数据,无论可见或不可见的异质。可分析可见的变量是continuous(连续数据), consored(删失数据), binary(二分类数据), ordered categorical (ordinal)(顺序变量), unordered categorical (nominal)(称名变量), counts(计数变量)或这些变量类型的组合。Mplus对遗漏值、复杂的调查数据和多层次的数据也有特别的功能。此外,Mplus对在蒙地卡罗模拟研究的任何可产生和分析数据的模型具有强大功能。主要功能: 1.   回归分析和路径 2.   探索性因素分析 3.   验证性因素分析、结构方程建模 4.   生长建模与生存分析 5.   混合建模横断面数据 6.   纵向数据混合建模 7.   多造型复杂调查数据 8.   多层次混合建模 9.   蒙特卡洛研究

mplus由muthen夫妇开发,他们两也是在心理学方面非常有建树。mplus与国内现在流行的liseral,amos以及其他结构方程模型有很大的区别。1)界面需要自己编写语句,语句较liseral简单数倍,因为很多语句都可以不需要编写,直接默认的就行。而且可以根据不同的处理要求选择不同的模型以及分析方法。2)可以处理横断面和纵向数据,单层和多层数据,来自不同的母体的数据,无论可见或不可见的异质。3)对于各种数据类型的组合都可以很好地进行分析,比如观察变量为分类变量,潜类别分析,探索性结构方程模型(ESEM)等。

MPLUS结构方程模型应用:[1]mplus软件介绍



mplus命令的最大特点是能用简洁的语言表达复杂的模型,同时易于理解。因为很多参数已经由mplus在后台设定为默认设置。当然这些设置也可以根据研究需要通过另外的设定而被改变。

方法/步骤

在社会科学中经常遇到数据缺失的问题,特别是对于追踪等纵向数据来说,缺失的数据直接去掉会丢失数据信息,因此我们首先需要在原始数据中进行缺失数据的标示。

方法/步骤

每种语言都有自己的语法规则,mplus作为让用户自己编写的程序软件,也有着自己的语法规则。下面我将为大家介绍一些我在写mplus的过程中的一些语法经验

工具/原料

  • mplus7

方法/步骤

  1. 1,所有的一级命令必须新开一行,同时后面紧跟冒号。

    2,每个子命令之间用分号隔开,这一点是造成mplus报错最大的原因,我们很容易忘记在命令行最后加上分号。

    3,title命令最后可以不用加分号。

    MPLUS结构方程模型应用:[5]mplus语法规律
  2. 所有的命令,选择可以进行输入规定的缩写版,这个要在对mplus非常熟悉的情况下才能运用自如。比如下图中的黑体加粗的则为命令或者选择的缩写版。

    MPLUS结构方程模型应用:[5]mplus语法规律
  3. 命令行 is are 以及“=”都表示一个意思,选择其中一种就行,同时大小写不限,比如我们看“DATA: FILE are ex5.2.dat;”与“data: file is ex5.2.dat;”。但是对于变量的命名一般不要才用同个字母的大小写命名不同的变量,可能会造成错误。比如我们看“DATA: FILE are ex5.2.dat;”与“data: file is ex5.2.dat;”

  4. 连字号“-”可以用来表示连续的数据或者变量。

    比如a1-a3,表示a1,a2,a3.

    a-c,表示a,b,c

    99-102表示99,100,101,102

    gender-class表示在data命令中界定的变量名从gender到class的所有变量

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探索性结构方程模型Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling(附MPLUS程序)

1 探索性结构方程模型概述

在实际研究中,许多测量工具有着良好的EFA结构但很难得到CFA的支持(Marsh et al., 2009; Marsh, Hau, & Grayson, 2005)。例如,测量大五人格最常用的量表NEO-PI-R,在EFA分析中,其因子结构在多种文化、多种人群中得到复制,但是在CFA中拟合指数并不理想(McCrae et al., 1996)。换句话说,在CFA中限制某些因子负荷为零是不合适的,往往会高估因子间相关和外部变量间的关系(Asparouhov, & Muthen, 2009),特别是在某些特定的研究领域,如人格(不同的人格特质在同一个人身上同时存在而非完全孤立)。因此,在某些情况下使用CFA并非能得到合理的模型拟合。为了获得可接受的模型拟合,研究者常常使用修正指数来修改模型(见第9章),而此种做法有存在诸多弊端(MacCallum, Roznowski, & Necowitz, 1992)。为此,研究者最近提出了一种称作探索性结构方程模型(Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, ESEM)的方法(Asparouhov, & Muthen, 2009)的方法,该方法同时兼顾EFA和CFA的特点。

ESEM 作为EFA和CFA的整合具有如下优点(Asparouhov, & Muthen, 2009):(1)可以得到所有SEM的参数,包括整个模型的拟合指数,误差相关,与其他变量间的关系等。(2)可以探讨EFA模型在多组和/或多时点测量不变性,而在EFA模型中是不可能的。关于ESEM统计原理参见Asparouhov和Muthen(2009)的文章,相关应用见Marsh等(2009;2010;2011)。目前,ESEM只能在Mplus中实现,下面以CES-D为例演示ESEM的分析过程。

2 探索性结构方程模型示例

与EFA设置不同,ESEM采用的是CFA模式,用MODEL命令设置因子模型。仍然以CES-D三因子模型为例比较ESEM和传统CFA模型间的差异。ESEM示例程序呈现在表4-6中。通过执行该程序,Mplus报告的结果与EFA抽取三因子的结果完全相同(相同的模型拟合,相同的因子负荷、因子相关等)。但是与EFA不同,可以在MODEL命令下设置因子与外部变量间的关系,也即是包含EFA所有特征的同时涵盖了CFA的特征。

为了进一步说明ESEM带有的CFA特点,表1的第二部分呈现了包含协变量的(自尊,由5个条目测量的潜变量)的ESEM模型,如图1所示。该模型的拟合指数呈现在表4-7中,因子负荷、因子相关以及自尊对三个因子的回归系数列在表2。在带有协变量的ESEM模型中,CES-D的因子负荷与EFA三因子模型结果差异不大,三个因子间的相关在.20-.60(p < .01)之间。自尊对三个因子的回归系数分别为-46,-.44和-.64(p < .01)


探索性结构方程模型
           图1 带有协变量的ESEM示意图(注:F1F2F4彼此相关)

 


                                  图2 带有协变量的三因子CFA模型意图

表1 ESEM示例程序

TITLE: this is an example of an ESEM

DATA: FILE IS CFA for CES-D.dat;

VARIABLE: NAMES = age gender y1-y20;

MODEL:  F1-F3 BY y1-y20 (*1); !括号内的星号定义f1-f3为ESEM因子;

OUTPUT: STANDARDIZED MOD;

TITLE: this is an example of an ESEM with covariate

DATA: FILE IS CFA for CES-D.dat;

VARIABLE: NAMES = age y1-y20 i1-i10;

ANALYSIS: ROTATION = geomin(oblique);

            ESTIMATOR = MLR;

MODEL:  F1-F3 BY y1-y20 (*1);

F4 BY i1-i5;

         F1-F3 ON F4; !自尊预测F1-F3;

OUTPUT: STANDARDIZED MOD;

TITLE: this is an example of an SEM!更多的内容见第8章

DATA: FILE IS CFA for CES-D.dat;

VARIABLE: NAMES = age gender y1-y20 i1-i10;

 USEVARIABLES = y1-y20 i1-i5;

ANALYSIS:

       ESTIMATOR = MLR;

MODEL: F1 BY y1* y2 y3 y5 y6 y7 y9 y10 y11;

      F2 BY y4* y8 y12 y16;

        F3 BY y13* y14 y15 y17 y18 y19 y20;

        F4 BY i1* i2-i5;

        F1-F4@1;

        F1-F3 ON F4;

OUTPUT: STANDARDIZED  MOD;

 

表2 带有协变量的ESEM和CFA模型拟合结果

Model

χ2

df

TLI

CFI

AIC

BIC

SRMR

RMSEA(90% CI)

CFA

1213.67*

167

.915

.926

99412.38

99780.05

.039

.050(.047, .052)

ESEM

1567.37*

235

.905

.926

120674.21

121345.35

.040

.047(.045, .050)

SEM

2039.71*

269

.890

.901

121204.71

121677.42

.049

.051(.049, .053)

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    2016-01-07 hongbochen
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1672751, encodeId=0d0416e2751d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b79b910345c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解析#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91034, encryptionId=b79b910345c, topicName=解析)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f42d26916490, createdName=hongbochen, createdTime=Thu Jan 07 03:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2062738, encodeId=4b1e2062e38a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=538e121e592' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MPLUS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12175, encryptionId=538e121e592, topicName=MPLUS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2bcd469, createdName=fengting3, createdTime=Fri May 22 19:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773167, encodeId=627e1e731678f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5298121e46e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MPL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12174, encryptionId=5298121e46e, topicName=MPL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10e638510530, createdName=xuyong536, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 20:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2029652, encodeId=8a7b20296522e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fedb14394f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Plus#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14394, encryptionId=fedb14394f4, topicName=Plus)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/L2dMhrxjvSWuPWKZZP1I83Rw21EWia7LVTYJibLQkb4oTibrYLwhnAXntTBWR3FruIzKfNMiaBwhYV0AKNmiaNxfialg/132, createdBy=6ea92500119, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Mon Nov 09 15:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16849, encodeId=b99d16849a6, content=不错的文章,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Tue Feb 24 11:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-05-22 fengting3
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1672751, encodeId=0d0416e2751d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b79b910345c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解析#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91034, encryptionId=b79b910345c, topicName=解析)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f42d26916490, createdName=hongbochen, createdTime=Thu Jan 07 03:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2062738, encodeId=4b1e2062e38a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=538e121e592' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MPLUS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12175, encryptionId=538e121e592, topicName=MPLUS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2bcd469, createdName=fengting3, createdTime=Fri May 22 19:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773167, encodeId=627e1e731678f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5298121e46e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MPL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12174, encryptionId=5298121e46e, topicName=MPL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10e638510530, createdName=xuyong536, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 20:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2029652, encodeId=8a7b20296522e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fedb14394f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Plus#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14394, encryptionId=fedb14394f4, topicName=Plus)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/L2dMhrxjvSWuPWKZZP1I83Rw21EWia7LVTYJibLQkb4oTibrYLwhnAXntTBWR3FruIzKfNMiaBwhYV0AKNmiaNxfialg/132, createdBy=6ea92500119, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Mon Nov 09 15:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16849, encodeId=b99d16849a6, content=不错的文章,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Tue Feb 24 11:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-04 xuyong536
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1672751, encodeId=0d0416e2751d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b79b910345c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解析#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91034, encryptionId=b79b910345c, topicName=解析)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f42d26916490, createdName=hongbochen, createdTime=Thu Jan 07 03:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2062738, encodeId=4b1e2062e38a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=538e121e592' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MPLUS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12175, encryptionId=538e121e592, topicName=MPLUS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2bcd469, createdName=fengting3, createdTime=Fri May 22 19:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773167, encodeId=627e1e731678f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5298121e46e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MPL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12174, encryptionId=5298121e46e, topicName=MPL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10e638510530, createdName=xuyong536, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 20:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2029652, encodeId=8a7b20296522e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fedb14394f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Plus#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14394, encryptionId=fedb14394f4, topicName=Plus)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/L2dMhrxjvSWuPWKZZP1I83Rw21EWia7LVTYJibLQkb4oTibrYLwhnAXntTBWR3FruIzKfNMiaBwhYV0AKNmiaNxfialg/132, createdBy=6ea92500119, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Mon Nov 09 15:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16849, encodeId=b99d16849a6, content=不错的文章,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Tue Feb 24 11:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2015-02-24 orthoW

    不错的文章,学习了

    0