Cell Reports:HIV如何经由性途径感染新宿主

2018-05-09 小通 生物通

尽管大家都知道HIV通过性传播,但是,科学界至今仍不清楚病毒如何经由生殖细胞粘液膜到达它们的免疫系统靶标。先前有研究在生化水平调查过HIV传播过程中各个时间点的测量值,直到今天,法国领导的一项研究终于直观地看到了这个“惊心动魄”的过程。文章发表于5月8日的《Cell Reports》。


尽管大家都知道HIV通过性传播,但是,科学界至今仍不清楚病毒如何经由生殖细胞粘液膜到达它们的免疫系统靶标。先前有研究在生化水平调查过HIV传播过程中各个时间点的测量值,直到今天,法国领导的一项研究终于直观地看到了这个“惊心动魄”的过程。文章发表于5月8日的《Cell Reports》。

法国科学研究中心巴黎第五大学科尚研究所(Institut Cochin)的分子生物学家Morgane Bomsel团队构建了一个体外尿道粘膜模型,从头到尾地拍摄了感染了绿色荧光标记的HIV的T细胞与尿道粘膜组织上皮细胞的接触过程。

视频中,研究人员看到当被感染的T细胞与上皮细胞接触时形成了一种名为病毒突触(virological synapse)的口袋状结构。这种被感染细胞细胞膜的重排刺激了感染性HIV病毒生产。然后,绿色荧光病毒就像老电影里的氖绿射线爆破枪一样,穿过突触钻入粘膜上皮细胞。

值得注意的是,上皮细胞并没有被病毒感染,病毒只是通过它们。一旦HIV穿过上皮层,它们就会被位于基质的巨噬细胞捕获,一两个小时候后,病毒生产出逃,继续感染T细胞。

“尽管我们已经对HIV感染组织有所了解,但这一连串事件仍让我们惊叹不已,”通讯作者Bomsel高级研究员说。

生殖液中富含被感染的T细胞。虽然脱离细胞庇护的病毒可以跨过粘膜,但如果不借助细胞-病毒合力制造的病毒突触和转胞吞作用(transcytosis,一种特殊的内吞作用),它们的穿透效率会低很多。

另一个令人惊讶的现象是,被感染的T细胞似乎更倾向靶向位于巨噬细胞之上的上皮细胞。“原来我们认为巨噬细胞是静止不动的,随时准备好捕获穿透上皮细胞的病毒。但动态观察使我们认识到,突触总是伸向巨噬细胞上面的上皮细胞,提示巨噬细胞和上皮细胞之间确实存在某些相互作用,”她说。

在接下来20天内,巨噬细胞持续生产并释放病毒,之后它们便进入潜伏的、非病毒生产状态,但病毒仍储存在巨噬细胞内。这对HIV治疗提出了另一个挑战。在感染过程中,病毒达到生殖器组织巨噬细胞库的时间早于到达血液T细胞库,事实上,有关血液T细胞库的研究频率相对更高。

“一旦HIV藏匿入病毒库中,将它们彻底根除就变得非常复杂,”Bomsel说。抗逆转录病毒疗法能让病毒保持在潜伏状态,但是,只要停止治疗,病毒就会反弹并继续传播。“艾滋病治疗的一个重要目标是尽早行动,以避免储藏库的形成。这就是为什么我认为疫苗应该在粘膜上被激活的原因——你不能等它进入免疫细胞。”

她的研究团队已经在开发净化病毒储藏库的方法。“如果能动摇储藏库,我们就知道怎样杀死病毒。此外,我们这里也在研究一种粘膜HIV疫苗,这是一个非常复杂的领域,但我认为很有必要。”

原始出处:

Fernando Real, et al.Live Imaging of HIV-1 Transfer across T Cell Virological Synapse to Epithelial Cells that Promotes Stromal Macrophage Infection.Cell Reports, Vol. 23, Issue 6, p1794–1805Published in issue: May 08, 2018

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    2018-09-27 维他命
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    2018-05-14 秀红

    学习了

    0

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    2018-05-11 wincls
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960890, encodeId=10b2196089069, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Sep 27 14:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870621, encodeId=41b718e0621c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Jun 01 10:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314864, encodeId=313431486454, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/15/8213228fe923915543544ad3da7e1c64.jpg, createdBy=6bd82014262, createdName=秀红, createdTime=Mon May 14 00:17:33 CST 2018, time=2018-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1404710, encodeId=b1201404e109a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a4f4649925' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宿主#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46499, encryptionId=1a4f4649925, topicName=宿主)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/08904ED76550A0090DB220A7FB81D755/100, createdBy=78512492586, createdName=wincls, createdTime=Fri May 11 13:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314028, encodeId=d69e3140289f, content=了解一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri May 11 07:00:22 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313606, encodeId=6f50313606e6, content=不错的文章值得推荐一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Wed May 09 23:10:49 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313583, encodeId=6f833135830b, content=^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Wed May 09 22:24:57 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-11 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960890, encodeId=10b2196089069, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Sep 27 14:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870621, encodeId=41b718e0621c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Jun 01 10:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314864, encodeId=313431486454, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/15/8213228fe923915543544ad3da7e1c64.jpg, createdBy=6bd82014262, createdName=秀红, createdTime=Mon May 14 00:17:33 CST 2018, time=2018-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1404710, encodeId=b1201404e109a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a4f4649925' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宿主#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46499, encryptionId=1a4f4649925, topicName=宿主)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/08904ED76550A0090DB220A7FB81D755/100, createdBy=78512492586, createdName=wincls, createdTime=Fri May 11 13:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314028, encodeId=d69e3140289f, content=了解一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri May 11 07:00:22 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313606, encodeId=6f50313606e6, content=不错的文章值得推荐一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Wed May 09 23:10:49 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313583, encodeId=6f833135830b, content=^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Wed May 09 22:24:57 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-09 131****2916

    不错的文章值得推荐一下

    0

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    2018-05-09 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^

    0

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