PNAS:清华大学开发基因组编辑新技术

2013-11-06 koo 生物360

日前,来自清华大学医学院、哈佛医学院等机构的科学家开发了一种优化的 Cas9/sgRNA 系统,证实其能够有效地应用于果蝇进行基因编辑。 近年来,科学家一直在寻求更加精确的方法对特定的基因进行敲除或靶向修饰。通过在基因组水平上进行精确的基因编辑,可以更加准确、更加深入地了解疾病发病机理和探究基因功能,找到遗传性疾病治疗的有效手段,因此,基因组编辑具有极其广泛的发展前景和应用价值。 2011

日前,来自清华大学医学院、哈佛医学院等机构的科学家开发了一种优化的 Cas9/sgRNA 系统,证实其能够有效地应用于果蝇进行基因编辑。

近年来,科学家一直在寻求更加精确的方法对特定的基因进行敲除或靶向修饰。通过在基因组水平上进行精确的基因编辑,可以更加准确、更加深入地了解疾病发病机理和探究基因功能,找到遗传性疾病治疗的有效手段,因此,基因组编辑具有极其广泛的发展前景和应用价值。

2011 年,人工核酸酶介导的基因组编辑技术被《自然-方法》(Nature Methods)杂志评为“年度技术”。从当年的技术发展看,经过基因工程改造的核酸酶主要包括 3 个类型:锌指核酸酶(zinc-finger nucleases, ZFNs)、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶(transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TALENs)和归巢核酸内切酶(engineered meganucleases)。目前 ZFN 以及 TALEN 已被广泛应用,而归巢核酸内切酶由于改造难度大、成本高,使其应用有所局限。近期,细菌获得性免疫系统 CRISPR 在人源细胞染色体修饰上的应用使得基因组编辑技术进一步简化。

CRISPR/Cas 是细菌和古细菌在长期演化过程中形成的一种适应性免疫防御,可用来对抗入侵的病毒及外源 DNA。CRISPR 被分为三个主要类型,内切核酸酶 Cas9 属于研究最深入的 II 型 CRISPR/Cas 系统。

CRISPR/Cas 依赖于 Cas9,通过单导向 RNAs(single- guide RNAs, sgRNAs)可在特定的位点切割 DNA。 近期的一些研究证实这一简单的 Cas9/sgRNA 系统可在许多生物中实现基因组工程操作。

在这项最新研究中,科学家报告了称开发了一种高效、廉价、优化的 Cas9/sgRNA 技术。他们特异性靶向果蝇生殖细胞生成了可遗传的突变体等位基因,构建出了借助于 nanos 启动子、生殖细胞系稳定表达 Cas9 的转基因果蝇。随后他们将 U6b 启动子控制下、编码短 sgRNAs 的质粒 DNAs 注入到这些转基因果蝇体内,对果蝇进行了基因组DNA编辑。就诱变的效率比较了不同的启动子和 sgRNA 支架。通过筛查所有后代中突变后代的数量,确定这一优化系统达到了 74.2% 的总诱变率。他们评估了与这种方法相关的脱靶情况,建立了一个网络资源和一个可检索的、全基因组数据库,可用于预测果蝇基因组工程操作适当的 sgRNAs。最后,研究人员还探讨了新方法相比于近期发表的一些其他方法的优势所在。

研究结果表明,这一优化的 Cas9/sgRNA 系统在果蝇中是高效、特异且廉价的,可以很容易地以半高通量方式投入应用。

上述论文发表在了 11 月 4 日的《PNAS》杂志上。清华大学医学院的倪建泉(Jian-Quan Ni)博士、许江(Jiang Xu,音译)以及哈佛医学院的 Norbert Perrimon 博士是这篇论文的共同通讯作者。倪建泉的主要研究方向包括利用第三代转基因敲除技术构建果蝇模式动物平台;筛选影响消化到免疫和干细胞的蛋白因子;研究miRNA、ncRNA的功能。

原文出处

Ren X, Sun J, Housden BE, Hu Y, Roesel C, Lin S, Liu LP, Yang Z, Mao D, Sun L, Wu Q, Ji JY, Xi J, Mohr SE, Xu J, Perrimon N, Ni JQ.Optimized gene editing technology for Drosophila melanogaster using germ line-specific Cas9.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 4

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903659, encodeId=939119036595c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be285836438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58364, encryptionId=be285836438, topicName=新技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d39f177, createdName=lixiao3326, createdTime=Tue Nov 19 05:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855454, encodeId=c96c18554542d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri Jun 06 16:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500054, encodeId=98c5150005441, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e6866216d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#清华#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66216, encryptionId=9e6866216d7, topicName=清华)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10f29422809, createdName=医生2397, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 06:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585944, encodeId=3f2c1585944bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 06:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903659, encodeId=939119036595c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be285836438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58364, encryptionId=be285836438, topicName=新技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d39f177, createdName=lixiao3326, createdTime=Tue Nov 19 05:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855454, encodeId=c96c18554542d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri Jun 06 16:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500054, encodeId=98c5150005441, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e6866216d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#清华#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66216, encryptionId=9e6866216d7, topicName=清华)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10f29422809, createdName=医生2397, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 06:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585944, encodeId=3f2c1585944bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 06:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-06-06 drwjr
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903659, encodeId=939119036595c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be285836438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58364, encryptionId=be285836438, topicName=新技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d39f177, createdName=lixiao3326, createdTime=Tue Nov 19 05:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855454, encodeId=c96c18554542d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri Jun 06 16:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500054, encodeId=98c5150005441, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e6866216d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#清华#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66216, encryptionId=9e6866216d7, topicName=清华)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10f29422809, createdName=医生2397, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 06:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585944, encodeId=3f2c1585944bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 06:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-11-08 医生2397
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903659, encodeId=939119036595c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be285836438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58364, encryptionId=be285836438, topicName=新技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d39f177, createdName=lixiao3326, createdTime=Tue Nov 19 05:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855454, encodeId=c96c18554542d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri Jun 06 16:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500054, encodeId=98c5150005441, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e6866216d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#清华#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66216, encryptionId=9e6866216d7, topicName=清华)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10f29422809, createdName=医生2397, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 06:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585944, encodeId=3f2c1585944bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 06:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]