肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病1例

2020-07-30 刘静 王荣品 黄平 中国中西医结合影像学杂志

男,57岁,因“上腹部疼痛伴恶心、呕吐2个月,加重1个月余”入院。查体:腹软,中上腹部扪及一不规则软组织包块,未触及上缘,下达脐水平,右至右锁骨中线内侧2 cm,可推动,质软,

男,57岁,因“上腹部疼痛伴恶心、呕吐2个月,加重1个月余”入院。查体:腹软,中上腹部扪及一不规则软组织包块,未触及上缘,下达脐水平,右至右锁骨中线内侧2 cm,可推动,质软,压痛明显。实验室检查未见明显异常。

CT检查:胰腺左前下方见一密度欠均匀的团块状软组织肿块,大小9.3 cm×7.9 cm×9.7 cm,呈分叶状,病变与小肠分界不清,增强扫描呈中度不均匀强化,动脉期内见血管影(图1),静脉期病变进一步强化,其内血管强化程度较前减轻(图2),冠、矢状位见肿块邻近肠管受压推移,与肿块分界不清(图3,4)。CT诊断为:胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤。


图1 CT增强扫描动脉期,病变呈轻中度不均匀强化,其内可见强化血管影;图2 静脉期病变进一步强化,其内血管强化程度减退;图3,4 分别为冠状位和矢状位图像示肿块邻近肠管受压推移,与肿块分界不清

手术及病理:行腹腔巨大包块及十二指肠、空肠、部分横结肠、胰腺切除术+吻合术,术中探及左上腹一约14.0 cm×12.0 cm×10.0 cm包块,近空肠起始部近端空肠缠绕于包块表面,长约35 cm,与包块不能分离,同时横结肠肠系膜根部探及5.0 cm×5.0 cm×5.0 cm包块,浸润十二指肠水平部、胰腺勾突及右半横结肠。病理结果:肿瘤大小分别为15.0 cm×12.0 cm×7.0 cm、4.1 cm×3.8 cm×3.1 cm,肿瘤浸润十二指肠、横结肠肠壁浆膜层及肌层,部分浸润结肠黏膜下层。病理结果考虑(十二指肠、横结肠)侵袭性肠系膜纤维瘤病(图5)。


图5 镜下见肿瘤由弥漫、束性分布的梭形细胞组成,并呈侵润性生长,内含胶原纤维及丰富血管(HE×200)

免疫组织化学:Vimentin(+)、β-Catenin(核+)(图6)、CD34(-)、CD117(-)、DOG-1(-)、PgP9.5(+)、S-100多克隆(-)、CD57(±)、Calponin(-)、SMA(±)、Desmin(-)、CK广(-)、Ki-67(5%~8%+)。


图6 免疫组织化学(×100)染色:β-Catenin(+)

讨论

肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病是一种罕见的源于间叶组织的软组织肿瘤,具有一定遗传倾向性,多见于Gardner综合征患者,并与腹部外伤、手术、雌激素水平密切相关,但不伴Gardner综合征且侵犯十二指肠及横结肠的病例十分罕见。该病可发生于1~60岁,男女比例约1∶3,具有易局部复发但不易转移的特点。其早期临床症状隐匿,肿块增大后可引起一系列并发症,如腹部包块、腹痛、腹胀、肠梗阻等。虽缺乏特异性临床表现及体征,但β-Catenin阳性对本病的诊断具有重要作用。

肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病主要CT表现为边界较清的实性肿块,形态较规则,类圆形或分叶状,局部侵袭性改变,本例表现为肿块累及十二指肠及横结肠肠壁,邻近肠管受压推移,若病变可与肠腔相通,可表现为“囊实性”或“气-液平”改变。增强扫描呈轻中度强化,可见散在液化坏死或血管穿行。

本病影像学表现需与以下疾病相鉴别:①胃肠道间质瘤,好发年龄为50岁以上,恶性则形态欠规则,直径多>5 cm,密度混杂,呈中重度不均匀强化。②腹腔淋巴瘤,可形成典型的“三明治征”,即肠系膜脂肪和血管(三明治馅)被两侧明显肿大的淋巴瘤肿块包绕,腹膜后及肠系膜淋巴结肿大常见,而肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病则无此表现。③肠系膜转移瘤,常多发,呈浸润性生长,多边界不清。④类癌,较罕见,常发生于远端回肠,表现为肠腔内肿块,80%累及肠系膜时表现为强化的软组织肿块伴放射状条索延伸到肠系膜脂肪,且常有钙化。该病主要以手术切除为主,术后常规辅助放化疗,以防止肿瘤复发,但本例因经济原因,未进行该项治疗。

综上所述,肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病是一种侵袭性强的少见纤维瘤病的亚型,可局部复发,临床表现缺乏特异性,故诊断较困难,确诊需结合病理结果。掌握其CT表现有助于提高术前诊断正确率,为术中完整切除肿瘤提供依据,降低术后复发率。

原始出处:

刘静,王荣品,黄平.肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病1例[J].中国中西医结合影像学杂志,2019(02):216-217.

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    2020-08-17 新斯的明

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    2020-08-01 sunyl07
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    2020-08-01 zzc2216
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