Intens Care Med:术后腹腔感染重症患者的抗生素使用越久越好? NO!

2018-06-13 甘文思 SIFIC感染官微

减少抗生素治疗的持续时间是抗菌药物管理的一项基本措施。对于复杂的腹腔感染,抗生素治疗的最佳持续时间已经被广泛讨论,但对于ICU患者缺乏相关的数据。现有的指导方针没有提供相关的建议,只是建议决策过程应该基于临床医生的判断和实验室结果。

减少抗生素治疗的持续时间是抗菌药物管理的一项基本措施。对于复杂的腹腔感染抗生素治疗的最佳持续时间已经被广泛讨论,但对于ICU患者缺乏相关的数据。现有的指导方针没有提供相关的建议,只是建议决策过程应该基于临床医生的判断和实验室结果。接下来要介绍的这个多中心前瞻性随机试验,比较了抗生素治疗时间分别为8天与15天时对术后腹腔感染重症患者的疗效和安全性,给临床医生提供了一定的参考价值。

短程抗生素疗法对术后腹腔感染重症患者的治疗:DURAPOP随机临床试验

目的

缩短抗生素治疗(ABT)时间是抗菌药物管理的关键措施,而重症患者术后腹腔感染(PIAI) 抗生素治疗(ABT)的最佳时间未知。

方法

2011年5月至2015年2月期间,在法国21个重症监护室(ICU)进行了多中心前瞻性随机试验,比较ABT时间分别为8天与15天时对PIAI重症患者的疗效和安全性。纳入410名患者(在第0天有充分的感染源控制和ABT), 249名患者在第8天随机分配,立即停止ABT (n = 126),或者继续ABT直到第15天(n = 123)。主要终点是在随机化分配(第8天)和第28天之间无抗生素天数。次要结局为45天随访中死亡率、ICU入住时间和住院时间、多重耐药(MDR)细菌的检出和再手术率。

结果

抗生素治疗8天的患者,其无抗生素天数的中位数高于抗生素治疗15天的患者(15 [6-20]vs 12[6-13]天);P < 0.0001) (Wilcoxon秩差值4.99天[95% CI 2.99-6.00;P < 0.0001]。就45天死亡率而言(差异3.8%,95%CI [1.2-6.2]),两组之间没有差异。就ICU入住时间和住院时间、多重耐药(MDR)细菌的检出和再手术率而言,不同治疗方式之间没有差异,然而短期抗生素治疗(ABT)之后在第8天至第45天之间观察到后续引流治疗(P = 0.041)。

结论及讨论

ICU危重病人术后腹腔感染(PIAI) 短程抗生素治疗(ABT)可以减少抗生素的暴露。抗生素持续治疗15天与任何临床受益无关。

但需要澄清的是,在短疗程ABT后,出现更多后续引流治疗和增加菌血症的患者这个问题。另一个值得关注并令人惊讶的发现是,8天治疗方案对MDR细菌检出与否影响力不足。我们的队列患者中PIAI的临床特征和病因以及结果的一致性表明,我们的结论可能适用于ICU许多PIAI患者。这种方法有助于减少抗生素的使用。在解释我们的结果时还需要考虑到一些局限性。首先,主要终点在高危人群中并不是真正以病人为中心,而与干预密切相关,几乎直接由研究设计决定。其次,这项研究在任何临床对死亡率重要影响的评价上都缺乏说服力。最后,对于粒细胞缺乏或免疫抑制患者,复发腹腔内感染患者或者真菌感染患者不能得出结论。

Suarez-de-la-Rica博士对于本文的讨论

术后腹腔感染可能给予短程抗生素治疗吗?我们的团队进行了一项研究,以评估降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)引导抗生素治疗继发性腹膜炎的重症患者的疗效。在不影响疗效的前提下,PCT引导组治疗时间明显短于非PCT引导组(5.1 ± 2.1 vs 10.2 ± 3.7 天)。我们的研究表明,在充分控制感染源的手术之后,抗生素治疗的持续时间可能比Montravers等人提出的8天抗生素治疗方案要短。4-5天,非常短的治疗,使用PCT指导可能是安全的,甚至对于已证实的PIAI重症患者。

本文作者回应

我们同意Suarez-de-la-Rica博士的观点,有进一步减少抗感染治疗持续时间的空间。然而,由于先前已发表论文的局限性,我们认为可靠的生物标志物还不能用于监测复杂的手术感染性患者。因此,我们不推荐在这个特定的术后人群中用生物标志物进行过程驱动,直到有额外关于安全性和准确性的证据出现。


图1   流程图






表1续


IQR四分位数间距, SAPS II 简化急性生理学评分 II, SOFA 脓毒症相关性器官衰竭评估

a\术后腹腔感染记录在纳入时微生物学手术标本上 b\ 结果表示为微生物的数量和比例

表2   在ICU第一天和转出ICU这段期间多重耐药细菌和真菌的检出和评价



结果在样本中表示为阳性结果的数量

A. baumanii, 鲍曼不动杆菌 S. maltophilia: 嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌, ESBL extended–spectrum betalactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae 产超广谱β内酰胺酶肠杆菌科



原始出处:Montravers P, Tubach F, Lescot T, et al. Short-course antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients treated for postoperative intra-abdominal infection: the DURAPOP randomised clinical trial.[J]. Intensive Care Medicine, 2018, 44(e51–77):1-11.

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  7. 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likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jun 14 06:45:34 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-15 青山颖钰

    学习了

    0

  8. 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likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jun 14 06:45:34 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-14 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

  9. 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likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jun 14 06:45:34 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-14 飛歌

    不错学习了很有用

    0

  10. 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