Lancet:医生的职业倦怠问题,不容忽视!

2016-09-29 MedSci MedSci原创

医生职业倦怠问题越来越普遍,正如关于调查正接受培训和已执业医师的全国研究结果所示一样。对于患者的护理,职业精神,医生自己的护理和安全,以及保健系统的运行来说,医生倦怠问题的后果无疑是负面的。对于目前预防并减轻医生职业倦怠问题的相关研究的质量及结果需要一个更全面的理解。在此系统回顾和荟萃分析中,研究人员检索了2016年1月15日之前发表于MEDLINE,EMBASE,PsycINFO,Scopus,

国外研究发现,医务人员是职业倦怠的高发人群,据不完全估计,在广大医生中,有60%以上患有不同程度的职业倦怠。医务人员是职业倦怠的高发人群。医护工作属于助人的职业,当助人者将个体的内部资源耗尽而无补充时,就会引发倦怠。


为什么医务人员是职业倦怠的高发人群:

1.因近几年来红包、缝肛门、八毛钱治肠梗阻、丢肾等医疗事件的不正当传播,广大医生的医术和医德受到了质疑,医患之间缺乏信任;其次,因社会生活压力、医生地位下降等原因,越来越多的伤医、辱医事件发生,这些都对医生工作和精神健康造成了极大都对困扰。

2.医护工作的高负荷、高风险,和对患者病情的不可控,已经高付出低回报等都会对医生造成负面影响,尤其医生大多都对其职业完美有着强迫性追求,这些都很容易造成职业倦怠。

研究摘要:

医生职业倦怠,无论是对患者的护理,自身的专业素养、护理和安全,还是对于整个保健系统的运行质量来说其影响都是负面的。本研究旨在通过系统回顾和荟萃分析探究预防并减轻医生职业倦怠方法。

研究人员检索了2016年1月15日之前发表于MEDLINE,EMBASE,PsycINFO,Scopus,Web of Science,及Education Resources Information Center上的预防并减轻医生职业倦怠问题的相关文章,包括单组前后对比的研究。排除纳入医学生和非医生的医疗保健提供者的研究。提取数据进行分析。计算总的职业倦怠,情绪衰竭评分(和高情绪耗竭)和人格解体得分(和高人格解体)的变化。使用随机效应模型来计算每个指标总的平均差变化。

研究最终确定了2617篇文章,其中15个随机试验(包括716名医生)和37个队列研究(包括2914名医生)。总体倦怠从54%下降到44%(差10%,95% CI 5-14;P<0.0001;I2 = 15%;14项研究),情感耗竭得分从23.82下降至21.17(差2.65分,95% CI 1.67-3.64;P<0.0001;I2 =82%;40项研究),人格解体得分从9.05下降到8.41(差0.64分,95% CI 0.15-1.14;P = 0.01;I2 =58%;36项研究)。高情绪耗竭从38%下降到24%(差14%,95% CI 11-18;P<0.0001;I2 =0%;21项研究),高人格解体从38%下降到34%(差4%,95% CI 0-8;P = 0.04;I2= 0%;16项研究)。

文献显示,无论是基于个人的策略还是组织策略都可减少医生的职业倦怠,且这种减少的程度具有临床意义。仍需进一步的研究来探究特定人群中哪些干预措施是最有效的,以及如何结合个人和组织策略来为医生的健康带来较仅个人策略更大的改善。

更重要的是社会能够更多关注医务人员的心理健康,因此梅斯医学呼吁:

1.媒体不哗众取宠、科学公正报道医疗事件;
2.患者尊重、理解医生,医疗事故寻求法律解决而不是医闹、医暴;
3.医院管理人员、国家等积极为医护们创造更好的行医环境,保障医生的健康与基本权益,为患者建立更有益的就诊环境,促进医患关系平衡和谐发展;
4.医护人员在日常工作中注意调节自身情绪,保重身体健康。

备注:

1、人格解体是以持续或反复发作的自我分离感或疏远感为特征,病人可能感到自己的动作是机械的,好像他是生活在梦中或电影中,缺乏情感体验和情感反应。

2、职业倦怠(burnout)指个体在工作重压下产生的身心疲劳与耗竭的状态。最早由F reudenberger 于1974 年提出。职业倦怠是一种最容易在助人行业中出现的情绪性耗竭的症状。随后M aslach 等人把对工作上长期的情绪及人际应激源做出反应而产生的心理综合症称为职业倦怠。一般认为, 职业倦怠是个体不能顺利应对工作压力时的一种极端反应, 是个体伴随于长时期压力体验下而产生的情感、 态度和行为的衰竭状态。

职业倦怠一般包括以下三方面:

(1)情感衰竭:指没有活力,没有工作热情,感到自己的感情处于极度疲劳的状态。它被发现为职业倦怠的核心纬度,并具有最明显的症状表现。
(2)去人格化:指刻意在自身和工作对象间保持距离,对工作对象和环境采取冷漠、忽视的态度,对工作敷衍了事,个人发展停滞,行为怪僻,提出调度申请等。
(3)无力感或低个人成就感:指倾向于消极地评价自己,并伴有工作能力体验和成就体验的下降,认为工作不但不能发挥自身才能,而且是枯燥无味的繁琐事物。

原始出处:

Colin P West, et al., Interventions to prevent and reduce physician burnout: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31279-X.

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    2017-06-02 howi
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    2016-10-11 方舒

    不容忽视

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828634, encodeId=c3fb182863401, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Jun 02 18:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=143872, encodeId=67391438e2aa, content=不容忽视, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KiblTyxD95ExbzUoCVcRuhPibXboL28wicFMTXUhCA0RWCyQZYC5Na3ap7CxjialMkB50VEJ0XToQQTC/0, createdBy=470c1945776, createdName=方舒, createdTime=Tue Oct 11 07:26:22 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618144, encodeId=fc61161814453, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7379805698d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#职业倦怠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80569, encryptionId=7379805698d, topicName=职业倦怠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a8e919850894, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 03:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137630, encodeId=eb5013e6300b, content=学习起来, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151005/IMG5612955936CFA7964.jpg, createdBy=18621654109, createdName=Guoxj3234, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 14:13:35 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137624, encodeId=890613e62452, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 13:48:47 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137623, encodeId=c47d13e623d2, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 13:48:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137612, encodeId=9aaa13e61257, content=。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/IibQxuGJg8Nh1KeNMs1nZJeeldYs9olQSmfLFMSmc8OR6afKD5WrY1ktGibkd2ccEG1hMLcfjsTroQ86Z9scbvicQ/132, createdBy=3d661927529, createdName=Mr.Li先生, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 13:17:20 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137603, encodeId=58c213e60350, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 13:00:39 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-29 Guoxj3234

    学习起来

    0

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    2016-09-29 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

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    2016-09-29 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

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    2016-09-29 Mr.Li先生

    。。。。

    0

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    2016-09-29 忠诚向上

    好好学习

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