这样的急性心衰,你见过吗?

2017-10-10 杨明烽 医学界急诊与重症频道

患者,女,46 岁,因突发呼吸困难入抢救室。端坐呼吸,呼吸急促,咳粉红色泡沫痰。1 月前有主动脉夹层介入治疗病史,植入支架, 10 年前有开腹腹主动脉瘤手术史,具体叙述不清。

病史简介

患者,女,46 岁,因突发呼吸困难入抢救室。端坐呼吸,呼吸急促,咳粉红色泡沫痰。1 月前有主动脉夹层介入治疗病史,植入支架, 10 年前有开腹腹主动脉瘤手术史,具体叙述不清。

听诊两肺可及弥漫湿罗音,心律齐,约 120 次每分,无心脏杂音。心超、心电图无特殊发现。CT 如下:

定位片可见主动脉内两枚支架影。上箭头示支架一,下箭头示支架二。

横断面示支架一上段压扁。


横断面示支架一上段压扁,较上图略膨开。


膈肌脚水平横断面示支架一此处膨胀良好。

一、抢救

阅读现 CT,见支架一近端锚定区未位于常规的主动脉峡部,位置明显靠下,现锁骨下动脉开口以远仍可见内膜破口,胸降主动脉夹层,假腔压力大,导致位于真腔内的支架一近端被压扁,引起急性主动脉阻塞,致使左心室后负荷迅速上升,引起急性左心衰。需迅速开通主动脉,先尝试介入,不行,替代方案,开胸升主动脉-股动脉旁路,或胸降主动脉替换,后者手术更为复杂。

切开暴露左股动脉,幸好,支架一压得还不算扁,超硬导丝通过顺利,成功植入一枚裸支架,将压扁的支架一撑起,另近端紧贴左锁骨下动脉植入一枚覆膜支架封闭此处的内膜破口。

术毕,心衰迅速缓解。



二、到底怎么回事?

让家属把前后的医疗资料都寻找来,理理。

患者 10 年前因真性腹主动脉瘤,正中开腹行腹主动脉瘤切除术。1 月前因 Stanford B 型主动脉夹层行支架植入术。她的夹层形态相对少见,从术前的 CT 和术中的造影看,内膜破裂口位于腹部内脏动脉区,胸降主动脉无内膜破口,但存在中层分离,内有血肿。术者手术方案为,先在右肾动脉内植入一枚支架作为内标记,因支架较小,定位片上看不清,将支架一远端紧贴腹腔干释放,支架二近端紧贴肾动脉释放,远端位于原替换腹主动脉瘤的人工血管内,故直径明显变小。右髂动脉内的支架为隔绝此处的动脉瘤。


本次抢救后,支架一处两层支架影。


箭头示右肾动脉。

推测,因 1 月前的治疗后,胸降主主动脉贴近左锁骨下动脉开口再发内膜破口,而因支架一的存在,下游没有再形成内膜破口,导致假腔内压力巨大,而压扁支架一。

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    2017-10-13 yunger

    很好的专题,值得品味及分享

    0

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    2017-10-10 yfjms

    学习了

    0

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    2017-10-10 1e207054m17(暂无匿称)

    典型少见病历.学习了

    0

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    2017-10-10 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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