NSCLC一线治疗:LAG-3抗体显著增强Keytruda的疗效,ORR达到47%!

2020-02-22 药明康德 药明康德

2月19日,Immutep公司宣布其可溶性LAG-3融合蛋白eftilagimod alpha(efti,又名IMP321),与默沙东(MSD)公司的重磅PD-1抑制剂Keytruda联用,在2期临床试验中获得积极中期结果。在一线治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者时,这一组合疗法达到47%的总缓解率(ORR)。而如果不筛选PD-L1表达水平高的患者,Keytruda单药疗法治疗NSCLC患者的缓解

2月19日,Immutep公司宣布其可溶性LAG-3融合蛋白eftilagimod alpha(efti,又名IMP321),与默沙东(MSD)公司的重磅PD-1抑制剂Keytruda联用,在2期临床试验中获得积极中期结果。在一线治疗非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)患者时,这一组合疗法达到47%的总缓解率(ORR)。而如果不筛选PD-L1表达水平高的患者,Keytruda单药疗法治疗NSCLC患者的缓解率只有20%。同时,这一组合疗法二线治疗头颈部鳞细胞癌(HNSCC)患者时也达到33%的ORR

LAG-3免疫调控机制

LAG-3(淋巴细胞激活基因-3, 又名CD223)蛋白能够调控T淋巴细胞和抗原呈现细胞(APCs)的信号通路,在适应性免疫反应中起到重要作用。

▲ LAG-3/MHC II信号传导通路在多种疾病中起作用(图片来源:Immutep)

LAG-3作为抗原呈递细胞(APC)活化剂

可溶性LAG-3(如IMP321)通过结合APC表面的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)II类分子,促使APC的活化。通过这种方式,LAG-3可以促使APC(如单核细胞和树突状细胞)的激活,从而在生理上增加CD8+ T细胞的数量和活化,提高对癌症抗原的免疫应答。

图片来源:Immutep官网

LAG-3作为T细胞的负调节因子

在T细胞上,膜表面的LAG-3是T细胞受体(TCR)的共抑制受体,在活化的T细胞上表达。与经过剪切的可溶性LAG-3不同,膜表面的 LAG-3 具有免疫抑制功能。

当活化的CD8+ T细胞上的TCR与APC上的MHC I类结合时,表达的LAG-3与MHC II类的结合阻止钙信号传导,钙信号传导导致细胞因子产生减少和免疫应答下降。

当免疫反应不再需要时,这种负反馈机制对于主动关闭免疫反应是必要的。以这种方式,它负调控T细胞的增殖、活化和稳态,类似于CTLA-4和PD-1;据报道,LAG-3也可增强调节性T细胞(Treg)的抑制活性。这种机制在癌症和自身免疫性疾病中发挥作用。

Immutep的首席科学家兼医学官、法国免疫学家FrédéricTriebel教授于1990年首次发现LAG-3免疫调控机制,他的研究小组首次证明,可溶性LAG-3分子通过MHC II信号传导激活APC,促使抗原特异性T细胞反应。

然而,关于MHC II类分子是否单独调控LAG-3的抑制功能还存在争议。据之前的研究表明,LAG-3发挥免疫抑制功能可能是由其他未知配体介导的。

2018年12月,耶鲁大学陈列平教授团队在Cell上发文,证明了纤维介素蛋白1(Fibrinogen-likeprotein 1, FGL1)是LAG-3的一个重要的功能性配体;并揭示了该LAG-3-FGL1通路是独立于B7-H1-PD-1通路的另一条肿瘤免疫逃逸通路,阻断这条通路能和抗PD-1治疗起到协同作用。

增强PD-1单抗的抗癌效力

Keytruda虽然已经获批治疗NSCLC患者,然而PD-L1的表达水平对患者能否从这一疗法中获益产生很大影响。据统计,PD-L1表达>50%的NSCLC患者,接受Keytruda单药治疗的缓解率接近40%,而PD-L1表达水平在1-49%的患者的缓解率只有15-20%,不表达PD-L1的患者预计响应更低。如何扩展从Keytruda疗法中获益的患者群是默沙东公司研究的重点之一。可溶性LAG-3蛋白有可能通过激活免疫细胞的反应,增强Keytruda的疗效。

Eftilagimod alpha是一种可溶性LAG-3融合蛋白。在名为TACTI-002的2期临床试验中,它与PD-1抑制剂Keytruda联用,治疗不同类型的NSCLC患者,以及头颈部鳞细胞癌患者。试验第一部分队列A组患者为从未接受过PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗的NSCLC患者。参加试验的患者无需考虑其PD-L1表达水平。试验结果表明,在17名接受治疗的患者中,ORR达到47%。而且PD-L1表达水平不同的三类患者中都有患者出现缓解,8名出现缓解的患者中5名PD-L1表达水平<50%。

▲队列A组NSCLC患者的PD-L1表达水平和临床反应(图片来源:Immutep)

Immutep公司首席科学官兼首席医学官Frederic Triebel博士说:“TACTI-002研究的结果非常令人鼓舞。47%的一线NSCLC患者出现缓解,而如果不预先选择PD-L1高表达患者,Keytruda单药的缓解率通常为20%。这意味着组合疗法能够在对单药疗法没有反应的患者中产生效果。

他补充道:“2线治疗头颈鳞细胞癌患者达到33%的总缓解率也很让人兴奋。通常Keytruda单药的预期缓解率在15-18%。而且这组患者中还有3位患者尚未被评估。“基于TACTI-002的积极临床结果,Immutep公司已经启动该临床试验的第二阶段,招募更多患者检验这一组合疗法的效果。

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    2020-02-24 psybestwish
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    2020-02-22 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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    2020-02-22 肿肿

    NSCLC下一步突破在于新靶点了,靶向治疗和免疫治疗基本见顶了,再有新的就需要新机制了

    0

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    2020-02-22 lovetcm

    双免疫治疗时代即将到来!

    0