Science:炎症会促使肠道微生物进化

2017-03-23 万纹 生物通

欧洲的科学家们发现沙门氏菌感染引起的肠道炎症能激活细菌内的噬菌体,从而帮助帮助感染了细菌的病毒传播给其它菌株,并提高它们的增殖成功率。这些发现不仅揭示了病毒中遗传性状的编码特点,如毒力增强,而且也指出了如果用一种疫苗来减轻炎症,也许能帮助治疗某些感染。

欧洲的科学家们发现沙门氏菌感染引起的肠道炎症能激活细菌内的噬菌体,从而帮助帮助感染了细菌的病毒传播给其它菌株,并提高它们的增殖成功率。这些发现不仅揭示了病毒中遗传性状的编码特点,如毒力增强,而且也指出了如果用一种疫苗来减轻炎症,也许能帮助治疗某些感染。

这一研究成果公布在3月16日的Science杂志上。

来自英国索尔福德大学的医学微生物学家 Chloe James(未参与该项研究)点评道,“这是一个非常好的成果,充分展示了炎症对肠道噬菌体活性的影响。”

“这是一篇高质量的论文,”来自英国Norwich食品研究所Rob Kingsley(未参与该项研究)表示,“这第一次显示对于病原体-噬菌体转移进化来说,感染期间病原体本身活性开启具有十分重要的意义。”

感染细菌性病原体的噬菌体病毒可能还会充当细菌毒力或抗菌素耐药基因的载体,从而令细菌性疾病加剧。为了研究这种现象,研究人员采用了一株感染了噬菌体SopEΦ的沙门氏菌来感染小鼠。由于沙门氏菌感染所致的炎症也令病原体本身承受压力,而其造成的损害促使了病毒复制,进而导致细菌胞壁破裂,菌体内的噬菌体被释放出来。这些噬菌体接着会感染其它沙门氏菌细胞,并可能同时传播新的致病毒力或抗药基因。

研究人员指出,给活体小鼠接种一种可减轻炎症的疫苗会令由SopEΦ介导的基因转移减少,并保护小鼠免于细菌感染达3天。他们认为,以炎症作为治疗感染的标靶提供了一种优于抗菌素的治疗方法,因为前者能阻碍基因转移和病原体演化,而后者则会促使细菌演化,并最终令其产生针对抗菌素的抵抗力。

“这项研究表明,接种疫苗不仅可以防止细菌性疾病,而且可以降低细菌在体内转移遗传物质的能力,后者会增强病毒毒力或对治疗的抗性,“James表示。

不过洛克菲勒大学的Vincent Fischetti认为,根据这些实验,疫苗接种策略是否能造成改变尚且未知,毕竟疫苗本身就是“控制感染的最佳方式,这毫无问题”。但这些发现是否有助于理解肠道中发生的事件,还不清楚。接下来的问题是“噬菌体转移的后果是什么?”和“这些事件如何在疾病中发挥作用?”

今年年初的另外一项研究则揭示了肠道菌群营养摄入的相关问题:研究人员通过X射线晶体学方法,纯化并公布了SusCD复合物的第一个三维原子结构,并由此发现了营养物如何转运到细菌细胞的分子机制。这项研究为了解微生物组的功能,以及人体肠道菌群共生提出了新的基本观点,这些观点也是针对目前肠道菌群研究的一个必要补充,研究回答了系统生物学的问题,例如“事件发生的参与者和时间”。

原始出处:

Diard M, Bakkeren E, Cornuault JK, et al.Inflammation boosts bacteriophage transfer between Salmonella spp.Science. 2017 Mar 17.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824737, encodeId=bf281824e37fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 18:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798575, encodeId=fcda1e9857541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6522694828b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物进化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69482, encryptionId=6522694828b, topicName=生物进化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Fri Oct 20 08:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=186571, encodeId=63611865e130, content=炎症会促使肠道微生物进化。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Apr 11 06:56:58 CST 2017, time=2017-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375518, encodeId=0de513e5518a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Mar 24 23:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824737, encodeId=bf281824e37fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 18:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798575, encodeId=fcda1e9857541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6522694828b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物进化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69482, encryptionId=6522694828b, topicName=生物进化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Fri Oct 20 08:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=186571, encodeId=63611865e130, content=炎症会促使肠道微生物进化。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Apr 11 06:56:58 CST 2017, time=2017-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375518, encodeId=0de513e5518a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Mar 24 23:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824737, encodeId=bf281824e37fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 18:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798575, encodeId=fcda1e9857541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6522694828b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物进化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69482, encryptionId=6522694828b, topicName=生物进化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Fri Oct 20 08:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=186571, encodeId=63611865e130, content=炎症会促使肠道微生物进化。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Apr 11 06:56:58 CST 2017, time=2017-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375518, encodeId=0de513e5518a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Mar 24 23:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-11 jyzxjiangqin

    炎症会促使肠道微生物进化。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824737, encodeId=bf281824e37fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 18:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798575, encodeId=fcda1e9857541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6522694828b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物进化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69482, encryptionId=6522694828b, topicName=生物进化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Fri Oct 20 08:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=186571, encodeId=63611865e130, content=炎症会促使肠道微生物进化。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Apr 11 06:56:58 CST 2017, time=2017-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375518, encodeId=0de513e5518a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Mar 24 23:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-24 jichang

相关资讯

Neurology:蛛网膜下腔出血后周围炎症的全身模型

由此可见,结合还原论和系统技术可能会更好地理解aSAH后炎症反应潜在的复杂性。

CLIN CHEM:心肌梗死风险外周炎症生物标志:以社区为基础的前瞻性研究

先前关于慢性炎症和心肌梗死(MI)的大多数研究缺乏对高灵敏度C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和白细胞(WBC)计数随时间变化的重复测量。 研究人员通过检查这些生物标志物的累积平均变化和纵向变化确定其是否与随后的MI风险相关。

Stem Cells:间充质干细胞调节炎症过程中髓系祖细胞的分化

间充质干细胞(MSC)具有不同的免疫调节特性,并且在各种炎性疾病的治疗应用中具有巨大的潜力。已经显示MSC可以调控成熟骨髓炎症细胞(例如巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞)的致病功能。有趣的是,MSC调节骨髓祖细胞分化为成熟炎症细胞的能力至今仍是未知。近期,一项发表在杂志Stem Cells上的研究报告新发现,MSCs可以抑制炎症条件下骨髓祖细胞分化标记物的表达。研究者们证明MSC的抑制作用是依赖于直接的细胞

KIDNEY INT:早期腹膜透析可以减轻缺血性急性肾损伤小鼠的肺部炎症!

最近的数据表明在儿童中预防性PD可以减少血清中IL-6水平和改善其结局,本研究的结果与临床高度相关。

Circ-Heart Fail:心衰患者血浆和心肌GAL-3水平可反映炎症和纤维化吗?

由此可见,心肌Gal-3可作为心脏炎症和纤维化的可能指标,取决于心脏衰竭的发病机制。然而,循环中Gal-3浓度似乎不能反映心内膜Gal-3水平或心肌纤维化。

JCEM:肥胖可影响卵母细胞的基因表达

肥胖可通过影响卵巢环境扰乱卵母细胞成熟进而影响胚胎发育