Cell Metab:你知道哪种类型的运动最有助于延缓衰老吗?

2017-03-14 佚名 生物探索

运动好处多多,但这背后的分子生物学机制仍然不为人知。近日,一项发表于Cell Metabolism上的研究表明,高强度间歇训练(HIIT),如骑自行车和步行,能够促进细胞为线粒体和核糖体生产更多的蛋白质,从而有效地在细胞水平上延缓衰老。



运动有益身心健康,这已经是一个老生常谈的话题了。无数的研究表明,定期运动可以延缓衰老,增强免疫系统,提高认知能力,改善睡眠,延长寿命……但是,身体活动如何在细胞水平上实现这一过程呢?

近日,一项发表于Cell Metabolism期刊上的研究揭示了运动益处背后的机制。运动——特别是有氧运动中的高强度间歇训练(HIIT),如骑自行车和步行,能够促进细胞为线粒体和核糖体生产更多的蛋白质,从而有效地在细胞水平上延缓衰老。

这项研究的资深作者是梅奥诊所的糖尿病研究员Sreekumaran Nair博士。他表示,“在延缓衰老方面中,锻炼的好处是无法替代的,我们观察到的这些益处不能由任何药物完成。”

研究调查了36名男性和36名女性,并将他们分为两个年龄组:“年轻”(年龄在18至30岁之间)和“老年”(年龄在65至80岁之间)。

研究人员让这些参与者分别进行三个锻炼计划:

高强度间歇单车训练

通过举重进行力量训练

间歇训练和力量训练组合

研究人员从志愿者的大腿肌肉进行活组织检查,并比较他们与久坐对照组的分子组成。此外,研究人员还评估了瘦肌质量和胰岛素敏感性。

研究小组发现,虽然力量训练对于建立肌肉质量是有帮助的,不过,高强度间歇训练在细胞水平,特别是对线粒体带来了最大的好处。年轻志愿者进行间歇训练显示线粒体能力增加49%,而老年组的增加了69%。高强度自行车训练有效地扭转年龄相关的线粒体功能下降。



运动,线粒体和衰老

细胞内的发电厂——线粒体的主要功能是产生能量物质ATP。随着年龄增长,线粒体产生能量的能力逐渐减弱。

通过比较运动组的蛋白质组学和RNA测序数据,团队发现,运动能够促进细胞中那些编码线粒体蛋白和肌肉生长相关蛋白的基因产生更多RNA拷贝。

高强度骑自行车方案也促进了蛋白质合成机器——核糖体再生。它增强了构建线粒体蛋白质的能力,这解释了线粒体功能增强和肌肉增加的效应。

增加蛋白质减缓衰老

通过体育活动加强蛋白质生产十分重要。肌肉细胞,像脑和心脏细胞一样,不会经常分裂。这意味着,随着年龄的增长,它们的功能逐渐下降。正如Nair博士所说:“与肝脏不同,肌肉不容易再生,细胞会积累很多的损伤。如果运动可以恢复或最小化肌肉细胞中核糖体和线粒体的恶化,那么在其他组织中也应当存在相似的机制。”

除了增加线粒体功能,间隔训练也提高了参试者的胰岛素敏感性,降低患糖尿病的风险。但是,这种类型的锻炼在改善肌肉力量方面效率较低。

虽然这项研究没有着重提出关于持续运动时间或运动类型的建议,但Nair博士说:“如果人们必须选择一项运动,我建议高强度间歇训练,但我认为如果他们能做3-4天的间隔训练,然后再进行几天的力量训练,应该会更有益。不过,当然,任何运动总比不运动好。

该研究清楚地说明了运动如何增加特定细胞器的产量。这种关系可能在减缓细胞衰老中起关键作用。

Nair博士和他的团队计划进一步研究运动在其他组织类型中细胞水平的益处。在未来,这些发现可能有助于减少老龄化的影响。不过就目前来说,剧烈运动仍然是促进健康最有效的方式。正如Nair博士所说:“有大量的基础科学数据支持锻炼对预防或延缓衰老至关重要,这是无法取代的。”

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    2017-05-07 维他命
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    2017-11-20 guojianrong
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    2017-08-07 一闲
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    2017-03-14 shaosai

    好好学习,涨知识

    0

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    2017-03-14 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    有氧运动有益健康

    0

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