9条防止心脏超声诊断漏诊误诊小窍门

2019-02-27 佚名 中国超声医学

在我们手下的每个病人,都有可能被漏诊误诊。在日复一日的漏诊误诊中,我也逐渐找出了一些你也可能用得着的防漏诊小窍门,特总结如下。

在我们手下的每个病人,都有可能被漏诊误诊。在日复一日的漏诊误诊中,我也逐渐找出了一些你也可能用得着的防漏诊小窍门,特总结如下。

1.猫眼切面:注意腹主下腔位置的同时,一定要打出较完整的下腔静脉的走形,以免漏诊下腔静脉中断。其次,注意腹主动脉频谱时,有没有减速时间延长有没有逆向血流,以警惕主动脉缩窄跟动脉导管的存在。

2.剑下双房切:注意上下腔静脉入口,别漏了静脉窦型房缺;注意冠状窦,别漏了冠状窦隔缺损。

3.记得打打右前斜切面:看清楚右室流出道至肺动脉的走形,粗心的人总是看不到右室流出道的肌束肥厚,比如我曾经遇到的那个病人,因为左室极大,收缩功能差,我打剑下右室流出道切面时光注意左心室了,一时大意就漏诊了右室流出道梗阻。此外打好了这个切面,也有助于分辨室缺是肺动脉下的还是双动脉下。

4.心尖四腔心切面:探头一定要从前压到后,逐层扫查。注意肺静脉的回流。

五腔心切面时注意主动脉瓣及瓣上通不通畅。

5.胸骨旁四腔及左室短轴切面:注意有没有肌部室缺,有时前间隔的肌部室缺,一不小心把肌部室缺的小分流当成是肺动脉瓣反流的人可大有人在啊。所以要养成测三尖瓣反流速及肺动脉反流速的习惯。这不仅仅是为了估测有没有肺高压。

6.大动脉短轴切面:别忽略了,位置比较靠前方的房缺,在这个切面会看得比较清楚。这个切面是判断室间隔缺损位置的最好切面。冠脉的走行啊,也顺便看一眼。

7.高位胸骨旁切面:要清楚打出来,有些动脉导管未闭,就是因为肺动脉分支打的不够清楚而会被漏诊。还有肺动脉里面常出现些冠脉分支漏,注意肺动脉脉里有没有异常血流。

8.左室长轴切面:要把主动脉瓣及瓣上打的一目了然,这样就不会漏诊主动脉瓣及瓣上的问题了,还有流入道及流出道切面都要打清楚,因为有些三尖瓣后瓣下移畸形不注意的话也会被漏诊。

9.胸骨上窝切面:上腔静脉与左无名静脉要打清楚。螃蟹切面的肺静脉要看清楚以免漏诊肺静脉异位引流。弓降部和降主远端要打清楚,说不准你就会漏掉个弓中断或者降主远端缩窄。

一定要珍惜平日的积累,养成完备的超声诊断意识与规范。相信,按着步骤思考,按着血流动力学反刍,成熟的诊断将不再遥远。

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