对乙酰氨基酚增华法林抗凝作用:小心出血

2015-01-22 中国循环杂志 Medscape网站

美国华盛顿大学医学院的 DouglasS. Paauw出了一道题: 一位置入人工主动脉瓣的39岁女士新发紫癜,检测国际标准化比值(INR)为6.5,但她在6周前所测INR为2.4,而且期间也并未增加华法林剂量。不过,因为其他疾病,她用了一种药物。那么,患者合用哪种药物会导致INR升高? 选项包括:A碳酸钙;B对乙酰氨基酚;C雷尼替丁;D 地高辛。 对,就是“对乙酰氨基

美国华盛顿大学医学院的 DouglasS. Paauw出了一道题:

一位置入人工主动脉瓣的39岁女士新发紫癜,检测国际标准化比值(INR)为6.5,但她在6周前所测INR为2.4,而且期间也并未增加华法林剂量。不过,因为其他疾病,她用了一种药物。那么,患者合用哪种药物会导致INR升高?


选项包括:A碳酸钙;B对乙酰氨基酚;C雷尼替丁;D 地高辛。

对,就是“对乙酰氨基酚”在作祟。“我们必须认识到,已使用华法林的患者,再使用对乙酰氨基酚就有风险。尤其是每日都需要吃对乙酰氨基酚缓解慢性疼痛的患者,调整INR监测策略非常重要。”Douglas说。

对乙酰氨基酚主要用于普通感冒或流行性感冒引起的发热,也用于缓解轻至中度疼痛如头痛、关节痛、偏头痛、牙痛、肌肉痛、神经痛、痛经等。

其实,华法林和对乙酰氨基酚相互作用的“隐情”已经由来已久,但30年来却一直处于“地下”情况。虽然每隔10年都会有研究冒泡警示二者之间的相互作用,但这些研究也就在各媒体纸端报头热闹一把不了了之。

1984年发表的研究是第一项相关研究。这项纳入15位受试者的双盲交叉试验表明,如果服用华法林的同时每日服用4 g对乙酰氨基酚,其INR可平均升高1.75倍。

在此14年后,又有发表在JAMA上的一项研究表明,在兼顾患者各种情况,如患者用药情况,饮酒以及饮食习惯和饮食变化后,对乙酰氨基酚仍与INR升高(高于6.0)独立相关,且存在剂量依赖关系。

隔了9年,一项纳入36位INR稳定患者的安慰剂对照研究由于阳性结果提前结束了研究。该研究表明,服用对乙酰氨基酚(2g/天或4g/天)的患者,54%的人INR超出治疗范围0.3或更多,而安慰剂组仅17%的人INR有升高。

到了2011年,一项纳入45位患者的前瞻性随机安慰剂平行对照试验表明,在试验进行到10天时,原本稳定服用华法林者在分别接受对乙酰氨基酚2g/天或3g/天后,INR平均增加了0.70±0.49和0.67±0.62。尤其在接受试验第三天时,INR上升最为明显。

“从这些试验结果我们可以看出,对于稳定服用华法林的患者,如果需要每日服用对乙酰氨基酚缓解疼痛,应该在用药3~5天后监测INR。当然偶尔因头痛或其他原因服用1g 对乙酰氨基酚,也无需考虑去检测INR。” Douglas指出。

原始出处:

Warfarin and OTCs: An Unrecognized Risky Combination


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Lancet:对乙酰氨基酚治疗腰痛无明显效果

据近期1项大规模随机试验结果表明,与安慰剂相比,对乙酰氨基酚在缓解腰痛急性发作和改善疼痛水平、功能、睡眠及生活质量上并无明显优势。对乙酰氨基酚作为治疗腰痛的首选镇痛药已经众人皆知,但该项试验对此提出了质疑。文章发表在2014年7月24日The Lancet杂志上。 腰痛已经是世界范围内致残的重要原因。大多数临床指南普遍建议对乙酰氨基酚为治疗急性腰痛的首选镇痛药,然而并没有相关的基础研究证