文双春:近朱者赤!与发Nature/Science的人做邻居也易发表这类文章

2017-02-19 文双春 文双春博客

有追求的科研人心目中可能都有一个诺奖梦。如何实现这个梦呢?高人指点:你可以先有一个小目标,比如先发篇Nature/Science(NS)论文。如何实现这个小目标呢?常规套路有:招兵买马建团队创群体大兵团作战,找钱要钱买高精尖设备建世界上最先进实验室,提建议写申请拿重大重点各级各类科研项目,远渡重洋访世界名校拜大牛大伽为师,天南海北游学讲学大会小会编织朋友圈,等等。这些套路固然成熟又奏效,但对绝

有追求的科研人心目中可能都有一个诺奖梦。如何实现这个梦呢?高人指点:你可以先有一个小目标,比如先发篇Nature/Science(NS)论文如何实现这个小目标呢?常规套路有:招兵买马建团队创群体大兵团作战,找钱要钱买高精尖设备建世界上最先进实验室提建议写申请拿重大重点各级各类科研项目远渡重洋访世界名校拜大牛大伽为师天南海北游学讲学大会小会编织朋友圈,等等。这些套路固然成熟又奏效,但对绝大多数学术草根来说,除了望而却步,唯有望洋兴叹。有没有成本更低、见效更快、普遍适用的路子?

来自哈佛商学院等机构的研究人员一项研究启示我们,跟发NS论文的高手做邻居,例如把办公室或实验室安在高手隔壁,或索性搬张桌子坐在高手旁边,可能是实现发NS论文小目标的一条好路子。仔细考究这条路子后,老文认为,本质上,它就是我们经常听到的“跟谁在一起你就成了谁”的一个具体应用——如果你常跟发NS论文的高手在一起,你也就成了NS论文高手。

研究人员研究了职场上两个员工之间的办公距离对员工各项业绩指标(如生产率、生产质量)的影响。他们用“溢出”(spillover)衡量办公室邻居对员工业绩影响对于每项业绩指标,分别考察其溢出效应。例如,假设一个员工有三个同事:一个坐在她旁边,一个坐在离她25英尺远的地方,另一个坐在离她50英尺远的地方,研究人员通过各种数据建模技术,测量三个同事的各项业绩对那位员工的平均溢出。

根据测量结果,研究人员将员工分为三种类型:高产员工(productive workers),他们完成任务快但缺乏质量;高质员工(quality workers),他们制造优质产品却进展缓慢;通才(generalists),他们介于两者之间。

研究表明,邻居对一个员工的业绩有重大影响,这种影响可是正面的,也可是负面的。就数量来说,溢出效应可影响一个员工约10%的业绩。也就是说,假设你现在的邻居是一个业绩平平的人,如果把这个邻居换成一个产出率是你的两倍的另一个人,那么你的产出率将提高约10%。如果高质员工与高产员工互为邻居,那么高质员工会试图赶上高产员工的速度,而高产员工则试图提高他们的工作质量,因而作为一个整体,其产出率将增加13%有效性(质量)提升17%。

这项研究的对象是一家大型科技企业的2000余位员工,他们的工作性质跟科研工作者(包括大学老师)有一定可比性,因此有理由推测:如果我们想提高论文数量,最好的办法是坐到每年发几十篇论文的高产作者的隔壁或邻;如果我们想在论文质量上有突破,那么NS论文高手的隔壁或是最好风水。

这里有个疑虑需要澄清:既然跟谁在一起你就成了谁,那么A和B在一起,究竟是A成了B还是B成了A,甚至A和B互成互换?研究表明,溢出效应有单向性。如果A和B有相同价值追求,例如都爱论文、都要论文,那么在某个指标(数量或质量)上水平高的影响水平低的,而水平低的对水平高的几乎没影响。其中道理老文理解相当于水往低处流。打个比方,A和B都种田,他们的田挨在一起,那么A田肥水多了,自然溢出到B田,B因此受益,而A也不受影响,因为反正溢出是不可避免的——要想肥水不流外人田,除非你打造铜墙铁壁或远离外人田。“土豪,我们做朋友吧!”大伙为什么想跟土豪做朋友?因为土豪随便撒一点,都叫人吃不了,必须兜着走。

所以,论文高手可以打消“同流合污”顾虑了,与论文菜鸟为邻,尽管受益的是菜鸟,但高手本身也没有损失另外,人们常常强调强强联合,但根据溢出效应的单向性,高产作者之间或高质作者之间若互为邻居,则不会相互提高只有不同专长的作者互为邻居,才会弥补各自不足,同时又保持各自优势。

值得警惕的是,如果A和B的价值追求不同轨,A行正道,B走邪门,那么溢出效应单向性很可能是正不压邪。研究发现,如果两个员工(toxic worker)——例如上班时间炒股或游戏,像怨妇,爱流言,擅造假,性骚扰,等等——互为邻居,那么其中之一被除名的概率增加27%。但与产量和质量溢出相反,任何类型的员工似乎都容易受到有溢出影响。这是好理解的:天天坐在排污口旁边,任何人抵抗力再强都难免其害。如果一个有员工一个无员工(non-toxic worker)互为邻居那么前者的影响将占上风,后者变成前者的机会大大增加。也就是说,近朱者不一定赤,但近墨者十有八九会黑

说到这里,老文想起了春节期间的一次餐聚一位同样是大学老师的朋友在酒桌上大谈特谈他的炒股经,说每年炒股赚个老文的年薪轻而易举,言下之好意是劝老文在吃力不讨好的工作——搞科研、写论文相对而言就是这样的工作——上悠着点,身体要紧。老文听了立马就有连喝三杯、想拜这朋友为师的冲动。不幸的是,老文天生是个胆小如鼠的人,怕赌怕输,不能确保百分百稳赚的事情绝不敢迈出第一步。老文端起酒杯居然这样敬朋友:“在我等全体大学老师都在奔‘双一流’的重要关头,您老人家今后可千万别介绍这样的宝贵经验了。您若经常现身说法说最近炒股亏得又想跳楼了,就是对‘双一流’建设的最大支持。

总之,老文今天分享了一条实现小目标的好路子:跟小目标方向上的高手做邻居。顺便指出,武大郎开店的思路能保证自己的店子不倒闭就算万幸了,想开成大卖场、连锁店,那是不可能的。老文反思:写了一辈子论文也没把自己的名字写到Nature/Science上去,除了自己天赋加努力不够,单位给的条件不够,团队和学生水平不够,与大牛交朋友不够等等因素外,更要紧的可能是缺一个药引子,那就是老文的前后、左右、上下房间坐着的,没有一个造Nature/Science的人。你发Nature/Science了么?我们做邻居吧!我们一起吃饭吧!

原标准:发Nature/Science了么?我们做邻居吧!

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    2017-08-08 liye789132251
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    2017-02-21 jichang
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    2017-02-21 cqykthl

    厉害了,我的锅!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881671, encodeId=6d9a18816e198, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Aug 08 06:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375482, encodeId=e10513e5482df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Tue Feb 21 12:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177219, encodeId=6db41e72192a, content=厉害了,我的锅!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Tue Feb 21 08:26:40 CST 2017, time=2017-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177109, encodeId=c84b1e710914, content=所谓近朱者赤, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160616/IMG5762A3665DC7B3997.jpg, createdBy=df0a1649089, createdName=ys2323, createdTime=Mon Feb 20 09:52:14 CST 2017, time=2017-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177081, encodeId=c42b1e7081fc, content=好好努力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Mon Feb 20 07:37:40 CST 2017, time=2017-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177025, encodeId=6d051e7025ac, content=有趣,可以试试, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 23:35:05 CST 2017, time=2017-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177014, encodeId=25001e7014aa, content=哈哈?幽默风趣, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 21:47:11 CST 2017, time=2017-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-20 ys2323

    所谓近朱者赤

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881671, encodeId=6d9a18816e198, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Aug 08 06:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375482, encodeId=e10513e5482df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Tue Feb 21 12:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177219, encodeId=6db41e72192a, content=厉害了,我的锅!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Tue Feb 21 08:26:40 CST 2017, time=2017-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177109, encodeId=c84b1e710914, content=所谓近朱者赤, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160616/IMG5762A3665DC7B3997.jpg, createdBy=df0a1649089, createdName=ys2323, createdTime=Mon Feb 20 09:52:14 CST 2017, time=2017-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177081, encodeId=c42b1e7081fc, content=好好努力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Mon Feb 20 07:37:40 CST 2017, time=2017-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177025, encodeId=6d051e7025ac, content=有趣,可以试试, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 23:35:05 CST 2017, time=2017-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177014, encodeId=25001e7014aa, content=哈哈?幽默风趣, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 21:47:11 CST 2017, time=2017-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-20 忠诚向上

    好好努力

    0

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    2017-02-19 明崖

    有趣,可以试试

    0

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    2017-02-19 lyh994

    哈哈?幽默风趣

    0

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