Science、Nature子刊:一喜一忧,阿尔兹海默症在研药物新动态

2016-11-08 佚名 生物探索

导语:阿尔兹海默症药物研发一直是座难攀的高峰,近乎99%的临床试验都以失败而惨淡收场。近期,默沙东却传出好消息,其开发的一款治疗老年痴呆症的新药在动物和临床初期试验中表现出良好的安全性和治疗耐受性。更重要的是,新药物能够抑制患者大脑β-淀粉样蛋白的生成,是首个进入临床Ⅲ期的BACE1抑制剂。11月2日,Science子刊《Science Translational Medicine》发表一篇文章揭

导语:阿尔兹海默症药物研发一直是座难攀的高峰,近乎99%的临床试验都以失败而惨淡收场。近期,默沙东却传出好消息,其开发的一款治疗老年痴呆症的新药在动物和临床初期试验中表现出良好的安全性和治疗耐受性。更重要的是,新药物能够抑制患者大脑β-淀粉样蛋白的生成,是首个进入临床Ⅲ期的BACE1抑制剂。

11月2日,Science子刊《Science Translational Medicine》发表一篇文章揭示,默沙东公司研发的一款治疗阿尔兹海默症的新药Verubecestat(MK-8931)在动物和临床初期试验中达到良好的治疗预期。

Verubecestat:首个进入临床Ⅲ期的BACE1抑制剂


Verubecestat由默沙东研发,是β位点淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白切割酶1(BACE1)抑制剂,主要用于治疗轻中度和前驱症状性老年痴呆症。

BACE1酶负责催化淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)分解成β-淀粉样蛋白。根据已有研究表明,β-淀粉样蛋白是构成患者大脑老年斑的主要物质,是检测患病程度的重要指标之一,同时也是老年痴呆免疫疗法的关键靶标。而Verubecestat通过抑制BACE1酶活性,降低β-淀粉样蛋白含量,实现疾病治疗目的。

已有研究数据显示,Verubecestat能够降低患病小鼠、猴子大脑和血液中β-淀粉样蛋白的表达量。同时,在临床Ⅰ期试验中,Verubecestat能够降低患者脑脊液中β-淀粉样蛋白含量,且表现出良好的安全性。

Verubecestat并不是阿尔兹海默症治疗领域研发的第一个BACE1抑制剂,如何确保药物跨越血脑屏障、如何避免药物副作用……一直是药物研发需要克服的诸多挑战。但是令人欣慰的是,Verubecestat一系列动物和临床前期试验都表现出良好的安全性和治疗效果。

默沙东该项目科学家表示,Verubecestat之所以能够表现喜人,主要是因为Verubecestat的给药剂量并不会完全抑制BACE1酶的活性。也正因为此,Verubecestat成为第一个进入临床Ⅲ期的BACE1抑制剂。目前,两个关键的临床Ⅲ期试验正在进行中,共招募了3500例阿尔兹海默症患者参与其中,受试对象将持续服用药物18个月或者两年时间。

默沙东药理学家Matthew Kennedy表示,这一最新成果有望为淀粉样蛋白假说提供重要依据,Verubecestat或将成为治疗早期老年痴呆症的新药物。

Idalopirdine:5-HT6拮抗剂再折戟?


11月3日,根据《Nature Reviews Drug Discovery》新闻简述,Lundbeck和大冢制药合作开发的治疗阿尔兹海默症药物idalopirdine在首个临床Ⅲ期试验中失败。

Idalopirdine是一款致力于治疗轻度至中度阿尔兹海默症的药物,它属于5-羟色胺受体(5-HT6)拮抗剂。5-羟色胺受体负责调控大脑认知、记忆和学习功能。尽管以5-HT6为神经类疾病治疗靶标已有10年之久,但是idalopirdine却是首批进入关键性临床试验的5-HT6拮抗剂。

遗憾的是, idalopirdine在已进行的试验中未能达到治疗预期。在与乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂多奈哌齐(donepezil)联合治疗时,idalopirdine并没有改善患者的认知能力。Lundbeck公司表示,另外两项临床试验依然在进行中,详细的临床数据将于明年年初公布。

除了Lundbeck和大冢制药,包括辉瑞、GSK在内的制药巨头都曾推出过5-HT6拮抗剂。2005年,GSK研发的GSK742457进入临床Ⅱ期,但是该项目随后不久就停滞了。2012年、2015年,辉瑞曾先后针对两个候选药物展开临床Ⅱ期试验,可惜都以失败告终。

不过,值得一提的是,Axovant Science生物制药公司却对GSK742457充满信心。2015年,Axovant从GSK以500万美元的交易额购得GSK742457,将其重新命名为“RVT-101”。目前,RVT-101已经进入临床Ⅲ期阶段,预估明年将拿到相关数据。

对于Lundbeck和大冢制药的失败,Axovant依然乐观。它认为Lundbeck可以对临床Ⅱ期、临床Ⅲ期试验做出调整,例如降低用药剂量,或许可以得到不一样的结果。

原始出处:

Matthew E. Kennedy1,*, Andrew W. Stamford2,*, Xia Chen1, Kathleen Cox3, Jared N. Cumming2, Marissa F. Dockendorf3, Michael Egan4, Larry Ereshefsky5, Robert A. Hodgson1,†, Lynn A. Hyde1, Stanford Jhee5, Huub J. Kleijn3,‡, Reshma Kuvelkar1, Wei Li2, Britta A. Mattson6, Hong Mei3, John Palcza7, Jack D. Scott2, Michael Tanen8, Matthew D. Troyer9,§, Jack L. Tseng9,¶, Julie A. Stone3, Eric M. Parker1,* and Mark S. Forman9,*.The BACE1 inhibitor verubecestat (MK-8931) reduces CNS β-amyloid in animal models and in Alzheimer’s disease patients.Science Translational Medicine. November 2016

Asher Mullard.Symptomatic AD treatment fails in first phase III.NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY.November 2016

Jef Akst.New Support for Experimental Alzheimer’s Drug.The Scientist .November 2, 2016

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    2016-12-28 liye789132251
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    2016-11-18 1e13876fm02(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢。

    0

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    2017-05-13 yese
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    2016-11-10 jichang
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    2016-11-08 大旺旺

    学习了啊

    0

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    2016-11-08 大旺旺

    学习了啊

    0

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