盐酸丁卡因胶浆行尿道黏膜麻醉致速发型过敏反应1例报告

2019-07-03 童文婷 劳海燕 张辉 现代泌尿外科杂志

患者男性,51岁,1月余前曾在广州中医药大学第一附属医院泌尿外科于“全麻静吸复麻”下行“右肾经皮肾镜碎石取石术(percutaneous nephroscopelithoipsy,PCNL)”,术后于右侧输尿管常规留置输尿管支架,为拔除输尿管支架返院,准备在“表面麻醉”下行“输尿管支架拔除术”。该患者既往否认药物及食物过敏史,入院检查心肺功能正常,一般情况良好;手术当天,常规消毒后经尿道口挤入盐酸

1.病例报告
 
患者男性,51岁,1月余前曾在广州中医药大学第一附属医院泌尿外科于“全麻静吸复麻”下行“右肾经皮肾镜碎石取石术(percutaneous nephroscopelithoipsy,PCNL)”,术后于右侧输尿管常规留置输尿管支架,为拔除输尿管支架返院,准备在“表面麻醉”下行“输尿管支架拔除术”。该患者既往否认药物及食物过敏史,入院检查心肺功能正常,一般情况良好;手术当天,常规消毒后经尿道口挤入盐酸丁卡因胶浆(西安利君精华药业有限公司5 g:0.05 g,每支含盐酸丁卡因0.05 g)至尿道内行尿道表面黏膜麻醉,患者当即诉身体不适,后出现心慌、大汗、烦躁、皮肤潮红、口吐白沫等症状,心电监护提示:血压86/46 mmHg,心率113次/min,呼吸25次/min,血氧饱和度无法测出,后血压一度降低至35/16 mmHg,立即予静推咪达唑仑注射液、多巴胺注射液、肾上腺素注射液、地塞米松注射液,并予气管插管,中心静脉穿刺置管建立静脉通道,经抢救患者生命体征平稳。
 
为防止再次出现过敏情况,征求心血管科专科意见及患者家属同意后,继续在“全麻静吸复麻”下行“输尿管支架拔除术”,术后患者呈麻醉未醒状态,予经口气管插管接呼吸机辅助通气(BIPAP模式,PEEP:5 cmH2O,FIO2:50%),并转入重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)进一步观察,术后次日,患者脱离呼吸机,静推甲强龙后拔除气管插管转回普通病房。术后第4天,患者生命体征平稳,经复查生化、心酶、心梗未见明显异常,出院。
 
2.讨论
 
盐酸丁卡因胶浆因其黏膜穿透力强且迅速,是泌尿外科最常用的黏膜表面麻醉药物之一。本次手术所使用的盐酸丁卡因胶浆主要成分为盐酸丁卡因,其主要药理作用为影响神经细胞的极化与去极化,阻止神经冲动以达到止痛作用,用量过大时可对中枢神经系统、心血管系统及呼吸系统产生一系列影响:①可兴奋或抑制中枢神经系统;②对心脏有奎尼丁样作用,达毒性浓度时可以直接抑制心肌并导致心力衰竭、室颤甚至心搏停止;③引起惊厥时,可导致气道高反应;④既往曾有使用丁卡因过敏的报道;⑤其辅料为骨架润滑材料甲基纤维素,常温下极为稳定,主要作用为增加溶液的黏度并起到润滑作用,各大数据库均未有甲基纤维素导致过敏性反应的报道。
 
因此,本次过敏性反应原因主要考虑为盐酸丁卡因。此类用药导致的过敏性反应因其较为罕见,容易被医护人员忽视,客观上对此类事件难以预防,更需要加强临床医生个案病历的学习;同时除询问详尽而全面的病史外,还需熟练掌握过敏性休克的处理原则,最大程度减少过敏性反应造成的损害。
 
原始出处:

童文婷,劳海燕,张辉,张晓娟.盐酸丁卡因胶浆行尿道黏膜麻醉致速发型过敏反应1例报告[J].现代泌尿外科杂志,2018,23(07):560.

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    2020-05-09 lifestar
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    2019-07-05 snowpeakxu