盘点:2019年9月Gastroenterology研究精选

2019-09-02 MedSci MedSci原创

2019年9月Gastroenterology研究精选



【1】结肠腺瘤漏诊相关因素研究


统计发现间期结肠癌多发于右侧,其中一个原因可能是在结肠镜检查中右侧腺瘤的遗漏率较高。近日研究人员重新分析相关结肠镜数据,以评估与位置和其他因素相关的腺瘤漏诊率。

研究发现,右侧位置不是腺瘤漏诊的独立危险因素(与左侧相比优势比[OR]:0.94)。与≤5 mm腺瘤相比,6-9mm腺瘤漏诊的OR值为0.62,≥10 mm腺瘤的漏诊OR值为0.51。与有蒂腺瘤相比,无蒂腺瘤(OR:1.82)和扁平腺瘤(OR:2.47)更容易漏诊。组织学特征与漏诊腺瘤 (高级上皮内瘤样腺瘤OR:0.68;无柄锯齿状腺瘤OR:0.87) 不相关。男性每次结肠镜检查的腺瘤数目(1.27)高于女性(0.86)。男性腺瘤漏诊率低于女性(男性漏诊腺瘤的OR:0.73)。

【2】A-V15是HCV3型患者索非布韦治疗响应低的重要原因


索非布韦是一种常用的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)聚合酶的泛基因型抑制剂,对多种慢性HCV感染有效,但HCV3型患者使用索非布韦的效果较其他基因型较差。研究人员收集了来自英国国家卫生服务计划的数据,以考察与索非布韦治疗失败相关的病毒因素。

研究人员发现HCV基因型3a患者NS5B聚合酶氨基酸150丙氨酸(A)替换为缬氨酸(V),在42%的患者中观察到150位点的V,导致对索非布韦的治疗响应降低。在使用含索非布韦的方案治疗的患者中,A-V150变异体与使用索非布韦和利巴韦林治疗的反应减少有关。在326例V150患者中,71%的患者获得了持续的病毒学反应,而A150为88%。细胞模型中, V150是病毒治疗敏感性下降了7倍。研究发现,另一种罕见突变,即谷氨酸(E)206,显著降低了对索非布韦的敏感性(8.34倍),而V 150合并E 206可降低了病毒对索非布韦的反应35.77倍。

【3】泮托拉唑治疗长期安全性研究


质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)是治疗酸相关疾病的有效药物。这类药物在短期内耐受性很好,但长期治疗与观察性研究中药物相关不良事件率较高。

17598名稳定的心血管病和周围动脉疾病患者参与本次研究,随机分为服用泮托拉唑(每日40 mg,n=8791)或安慰剂组(n=8807)。参与者同时进行二次分组,分别服用利伐沙班 (2.5mg,每日2次)与阿司匹林(100mg,每日一次)、利伐沙班 (每天5mg,每天两次)或单独服用阿司匹林(100mg)。研究人员每6个月收集一次关于肺炎、艰难梭菌感染、其他肠道感染、骨折、萎缩、慢性肾脏疾病、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、痴呆、心血管疾病、癌症、住院和全因死亡的数据。随访时间中位数为3.01年,总计随访53152患者年。除肠道感染外,泮托拉唑组与安慰剂组在安全事件上无显著性差异(安慰剂组1.4% vs 1.0%,OR=1.33)。在所有其他安全结果中,除艰难梭状杆菌感染外,其他组间的比例相似,泮托拉唑出现13例艰难梭状杆菌感染。

【4】PDE5抑制剂有助于降低男性CRC风险


模型研究发现磷酸二酯酶5(PDE 5)抑制剂对直肠癌(CRC)有化学预防作用。近日研究人员探讨了PDE 5抑制剂对结直肠良性肿瘤男性患者CRC风险的影响。

研究期间共有4823名患者接受PDE5抑制剂处方;对于接受PDE5抑制剂的男性患者,CRC的发生率为2.64/1000人-年,而未接受人群为4.46/1000人-年。PDE5抑制剂使用与CRC风险之间存在显著负相关(调整HR=0.65),CRC风险降低与PDE5抑制剂累积剂量增加相关(p=.003)。与早期CRC相比(调整HR=0.70),PDE5抑制剂与晚期CRC风险的降低相关(调整HR=0.61),但差异不显著。

【5】炎症性肠病相关环境因素研究


炎症性肠病(IBD)的发生与多种环境因素有关,近日研究人员开展荟萃分析总结现有的流行病学证据并评估其可信度。

研究人员对71个与生活方式和卫生、手术、药物接触、饮食、微生物和疫苗接种有关的环境因素进行了53次荟萃分析,并对183项评估进行了检验。我们确定了9个增加IBD风险的因素:吸烟(CD)、城市生活(CD和IBD)、阑尾切除术(CD)、扁桃体切除术(CD)、抗生素暴露(IBD)、口服避孕药(IBD)、软饮料消费(UC)、维生素D缺乏(IBD)和非幽门螺杆菌样肠肝螺旋杆菌(IBD)。我们确定了7个降低IBD风险的因素:体力活动(CD)、母乳喂养(IBD)、亲子同床(CD)、喝茶(UC)、高水平叶酸(IBD)、高水平维生素D(CD)、幽门螺杆菌感染(CD、UC和IBD)。所有这些流行病学证据都具有高到中等强度的,研究人员确定了另外11个与风险增加相关的因素和16个与风险降低相关的因素,但可信度较低。

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    2019-10-13 许安
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