西班牙科学家通过转基因技术消除小鼠胰腺癌细胞

2019-05-06 佚名 科技部

西班牙马德里国家肿瘤研究中心(CNIO)生物化学家马里亚诺·巴巴西德(Mariano Barbacid),4月9日通过媒体宣布,他的研究团队已经在小鼠体内“首次消灭”了最常见的胰腺癌细胞。

西班牙马德里国家肿瘤研究中心(CNIO)生物化学家马里亚诺·巴巴西德(Mariano Barbacid),4月9日通过媒体宣布,他的研究团队已经在小鼠体内“首次消灭”了最常见的胰腺癌细胞。

胰腺癌是一种恶性程度很高,诊断和治疗都很困难的消化道恶性肿瘤,仅有5%的患者在确诊后可存活5年。胰腺癌患者具有非特异性症状,例如恶心,体重减轻和腰腹部疼痛。但直到患者全年背部疼痛并且在肤色变黄之前往往不会被诊断出来,一旦确诊,往往为时已晚,不能进行手术,采用化疗和放疗也均无效。

巴巴西德在新闻发布会上强调说:“目前还不能证明此方法可以治疗人类胰腺癌,但是研究成果的作用是为我们对付癌症开启了一扇新的大门”。

在超过95%的病例中,人类胰腺肿瘤的起始突变出现在KRAS基因中,这是一种在正常条件下可精确阻止细胞增殖的基因。自1982年发现以来,科学界已发表了大约36,000份关于该基因及其与癌症关系的研究,但仍然没有药物可以抑制其活性。

巴巴西德的方法是首先通过基因改造的方法创造出12只在KRAS基因和TP35基因中呈现相同突变的小鼠。然后,他再次修改啮齿动物的基因,以实现对KRAS基因突变产生的分子的抑制,称为c-Raf,用以阻断癌症中另一种常见标志物表皮生长因子受体。这种成功诱导癌症,再在其中6只治疗的小鼠中消除癌细胞的基因改造方法非常复杂,目前在人类中是不可想象的。

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    2019-05-07 yxch36
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    2019-05-07 zhaojie88
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