Nat Med:中风患者福音:科学家找到中风后恢复运动功能的方法

2018-06-23 medicalxpress 细胞

加州大学旧金山分校的科学家们通过使用电刺激来恢复与高效运动相关的独特的脑细胞活动模式,改善了经历过衰弱性中风老鼠的行动能力。研究人员说,他们计划利用这项新发现来帮助开发大脑植入物,有朝一日可能会恢复中风患者的运动功能。

加州大学旧金山分校的科学家们通过使用电刺激来恢复与高效运动相关的独特的脑细胞活动模式,改善了经历过衰弱性中风老鼠的行动能力。研究人员说,他们计划利用这项新发现来帮助开发大脑植入物,有朝一日可能会恢复中风患者的运动功能。

神经学副教授、UCSF Weill神经科学研究所成员、医学博士、医学博士、资深作家Karunesh Ganguly说,中风后,大约三分之一的患者能完全康复,三分之一的患者有明显的运动障碍,三分之一的患者几乎瘫痪。即使是那些经历了部分康复的病人,也常常会继续挣扎于“目标导向”的手臂和手的运动,比如触摸和操纵物体,这在工作场所和日常生活中都是至关重要的。

“我们的主要动力是了解如何开发植入式神经技术来帮助中风患者,”甘古利说。神经植入技术可以帮助神经回路恢复和改善功能。我们感兴趣的是试图了解受伤大脑相对于健康大脑的电路特性,并利用这些信息定制神经植入物,以改善中风后的运动功能。

在过去的20年里,神经学家们提出了证据,证明神经活动的协调模式,即振荡,对有效的大脑功能非常重要。最近,首次在睡眠研究中发现的低频振荡(LFOs)被特别发现有助于组织大脑初级运动皮层的神经元放电。运动皮层控制自主运动,LFOs把细胞的活动集中在一起,以确保目标导向的运动是顺利和有效的。

这项新研究发表于2018年6月18日的《自然医学》(Nature Medicine)杂志上。研究人员首先测量了老鼠的神经活动,而动物们则伸出手去抓一个小的食物小球,这是一项旨在模拟人类目标导向运动的任务。他们在活动前后立即发现了LFOs,这促使研究人员研究这些活动模式在中风后和恢复期间是如何变化的。

为了探究这些问题,他们在老鼠中引起了中风,损害了动物的运动能力,并发现LFOs减少了。在能够恢复的老鼠中,逐渐做出更快更精确的动作,LFOs也回来了。功能恢复与LFOs的再次出现有很强的相关性。完全恢复的动物比部分恢复的动物有更强的低频活动,而那些没有恢复的动物几乎没有低频活动。

为了促进恢复,研究人员使用电极记录活动,并向大鼠的大脑传递一种轻微的电流,刺激中风中心附近的区域。这种刺激持续增强了受损区域的LFOs蛋白,并似乎改善了运动功能:当研究人员在大鼠运动之前发出一阵电流时,大鼠伸手去抓食物小球的准确率高达60%。

“有趣的是,我们观察到的增强LFOs只在刺激的试验应用,“Tanuj Gulati说,博士,博士后在Ganguly实验室co-first研究的作者,连同Dhakshin拉马纳坦,医学博士,博士,现在在加州大学圣地亚哥分校的精神病学助理教授,和郭凌,加州大学旧金山分校神经科学研究生。

“我们不是在创造一个新的频率,而是在放大现有的频率,”Ganguly补充道。通过放大微弱的低频振荡,我们能够帮助组织与任务相关的神经活动。当我们将电流与他们预期的动作同步时,电机控制实际上变得更好了。

研究人员想知道他们的发现是否也适用于人类,所以他们分析了一个癫痫患者的大脑表面记录,这个患者中风后手臂和手的运动受到了损害。与两名没有中风的癫痫患者相比,记录显示的LFOs蛋白要少得多。这些发现表明,就像在大鼠中一样,中风导致了低频活动的丧失,损害了患者的运动。

物理疗法是目前治疗中风患者康复的唯一疗法。它可以帮助那些能够神经系统恢复的人更快地恢复到完全功能,但不能帮助那些中风损伤太大的人。Ganguly希望电脑刺激能为这些后一类病人提供一个急需的替代方案,帮助他们的大脑回路更好地控制仍然正常运转的运动神经元。脑电刺激已经被广泛用于帮助帕金森氏症和癫痫患者,Ganguly认为中风患者可能是下一个受益者。

原始出处:
Ramanathan DS, Guo L, Gulati T,et al.Low-frequency cortical activity is a neuromodulatory target that tracks recovery after stroke.Nat Med. 2018 Jun 18. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0058-y. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2019-04-29 liye789132251
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1696535, encodeId=e0ba16965352e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c5194149af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#运动功能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94149, encryptionId=2c5194149af, topicName=运动功能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ce9629890329, createdName=doctor-chen9592, createdTime=Mon Jan 14 08:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883113, encodeId=d49a18831135e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Apr 29 03:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329011, encodeId=ee773290119f, content=中风患者或预防心脑血管疾病.治疗和防治同样重要.健康生活方式也应是诊疗措施.2型糖尿病合并脑卒中患者.必须加强控制饮食的护理工作和教育.低频振荡发现有助于组织大脑初级运动皮层的神经元放电.医者仁心.健康的医学教育是有助于防治脑中风的发生率的.学习了.medicaluniversitydoctor.@, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/06/29/019388f2810bce5642c9ebe328c93075.jpg, createdBy=287a2391674, createdName=doctor meng, createdTime=Tue Jul 03 16:43:25 CST 2018, time=2018-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1538074, encodeId=942e15380e4bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e835226210e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中风患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22621, encryptionId=e835226210e, topicName=中风患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1b5612933772, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Mon Jun 25 10:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1608892, encodeId=2651160889212, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Mon Jun 25 10:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-03 doctor meng

    中风患者或预防心脑血管疾病.治疗和防治同样重要.健康生活方式也应是诊疗措施.2型糖尿病合并脑卒中患者.必须加强控制饮食的护理工作和教育.低频振荡发现有助于组织大脑初级运动皮层的神经元放电.医者仁心.健康的医学教育是有助于防治脑中风的发生率的.学习了.medicaluniversitydoctor.@

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