Am J Med:饮食模式能延年益寿 中年人行动还不晚!

2018-01-19 梁舒瑶 环球医学

饮食模式是慢性病(包括心血管疾病和癌症)一个已知的可变风险因素。2018年1月,发表于《Am J Med》上的一项由美国科学家进行的健康初级医疗机构患者的回顾性研究,考察了饮食模式与长期生存之间的相关性。

饮食模式是慢性病(包括心血管疾病和癌症)一个已知的可变风险因素。2018年1月,发表于《Am J Med》上的一项由美国科学家进行的健康初级医疗机构患者的回顾性研究,考察了饮食模式与长期生存之间的相关性。

背景:饮食模式与挑选出来的有合并症的人群的死亡率相关。研究者考察了饮食模式是否与中年健康人群的长期生存相关。

方法:在库珀诊所预防医学中心(达拉斯,德克萨斯)的观察性队列研究中,在1987至1999年完成了对11376名无心梗或卒中病史的男性和女性的志愿者样本的基线饮食评估,观察了平均18年。比例风险回归,包括树增广模型,用于评估终止高血压膳食疗法(DASH)饮食模式、地中海饮食模式和个人饮食组成与死亡率之间的相关性。首要结局为全因死亡率。次要结局为心血管死亡率。

结果:平均基线年龄为47岁。DASH饮食评分每五分之一的增加与全因死亡率调整风险降低6%相关(P<0.02)。地中海饮食与全因或心血管死亡率不独立相关。固体脂肪和添加糖是死亡率最有预测力的因素。固体脂肪占每日热量>34%的人的全因死亡风险最高。

结论:在中年、普遍健康人群近20年的随访中,DASH饮食模式与全因死亡率显着降低相关。添加固体脂肪和添加糖的摄入是全因死亡最有预测力的因素。这些结果表明,在合并症风险因素进展之前,应在中年开始促进健康饮食模式。

在普遍健康的中年人群中,DASH饮食与全因死亡风险降低相关,即使在调整了已知与饮食模式相关的变量之后(即脂质、血压、BMI)。在考虑心血管疾病风险因素后,DASH饮食评分与心血管死亡风险不相关。地中海饮食模式与全因或心血管死亡不相关。在饮食组成和食物组的分析中,研究者发现,固体脂肪和添加糖摄入是全因死亡最有预测力的因素。在平均18年的随访中,与摄入固体脂肪<28.5%热量和添加糖在3.5~9.1%的人相比,超过1/3的每日热量摄入都是固体脂肪的人的任何原因死亡风险是3倍以上。研究者发现,风险最低的个体并不是那些吃添加糖最少的人,而是摄入添加糖中等量的人(每日总热量摄入的3.5~9.1%)。

原始出处:
Shah NS, Leonard D, Finley CE, et al.Dietary Patterns and Long-Term Survival: A Retrospective Study of Healthy Primary Care Patients.Am J Med. 2018 Jan;131(1):48-55. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.08.010. Epub 2017 Aug 30.

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951405, encodeId=31e6195140570, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=637349503a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#延年益寿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49503, encryptionId=637349503a9, topicName=延年益寿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1072181, createdName=wjywjy, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 04:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1514803, encodeId=4f6d1514803f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=388a10124247' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#饮食模式#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101242, encryptionId=388a10124247, topicName=饮食模式)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=28de10689201, createdName=ms6519009802973839, createdTime=Sun Jan 21 02:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574900, encodeId=9bb015e490064, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f432212e79' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中年人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22127, encryptionId=4f432212e79, topicName=中年人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0ffb16038617, createdName=yhj-time, createdTime=Sun Jan 21 02:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1608455, encodeId=678716084551f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jan 21 02:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280057, encodeId=66b328005e82, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=80d11516357, createdName=139****0239, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 13:58:45 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280016, encodeId=e57e280016b5, content=每个人都应施实健康饮食模式,接受营养师指导。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdgSW0vVibEHQRlKXLlvMibvcHmy5ibwM7Luib2am6ywX6FqBrXibF8k7JVEzriaOSghltmYz1nomRd6TgSp2Yj9xHGAY/0, createdBy=9b2f2045808, createdName=haige, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 12:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-19 139****0239

    henhao

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951405, encodeId=31e6195140570, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=637349503a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#延年益寿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49503, encryptionId=637349503a9, topicName=延年益寿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1072181, createdName=wjywjy, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 04:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1514803, encodeId=4f6d1514803f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=388a10124247' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#饮食模式#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101242, encryptionId=388a10124247, topicName=饮食模式)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=28de10689201, createdName=ms6519009802973839, createdTime=Sun Jan 21 02:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574900, encodeId=9bb015e490064, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f432212e79' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中年人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22127, encryptionId=4f432212e79, topicName=中年人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0ffb16038617, createdName=yhj-time, createdTime=Sun Jan 21 02:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1608455, encodeId=678716084551f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jan 21 02:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280057, encodeId=66b328005e82, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=80d11516357, createdName=139****0239, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 13:58:45 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280016, encodeId=e57e280016b5, content=每个人都应施实健康饮食模式,接受营养师指导。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdgSW0vVibEHQRlKXLlvMibvcHmy5ibwM7Luib2am6ywX6FqBrXibF8k7JVEzriaOSghltmYz1nomRd6TgSp2Yj9xHGAY/0, createdBy=9b2f2045808, createdName=haige, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 12:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-19 haige

    每个人都应施实健康饮食模式,接受营养师指导。

    0

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