JAMA:恢复期血浆治疗COVID-19的可能性与挑战

2020-03-31 生物探索 生物探索

JAMA于3月27日在线发表了美国埃默里大学医学院的有关恢复期血浆治疗COVID-19的评论文章,提出将恢复期血浆和免疫球蛋白H-Ig以互补的方式结合起来以治疗目前COVID-19大流行患者可能需要的

JAMA于3月27日在线发表了美国埃默里大学医学院的有关恢复期血浆治疗COVID-19的评论文章,提出将恢复期血浆和免疫球蛋白H-Ig以互补的方式结合起来以治疗目前COVID-19大流行患者可能需要的步骤和注意事项。

文章首先回顾了深圳市第三人民医院等研究人员发表文章中报告的使用恢复期血浆治疗5例COVID-19重症患者的案例,该案例令人信服且经过了充分研究,但这仍存在一些局限性,例如未在一项随机临床试验中评估干预措施且未将治疗组的治疗结果与未接受干预的对照组进行比较,患者还接受了许多其他疗法(包括抗病毒药和类固醇)等。然而尽管存在这些局限性,该案例研究确实提供了一些证据来支持在COVID-19和严重疾病患者进行更严格的研究中评估这种著名疗法的可能性。

恢复期血浆疗法不是新事物,曾被用于SARS、2009年甲型流感H1N1、甲型禽流感H5N1、埃博拉等出血热以及其他病毒感染。例如,2005年,Cheng等报道了2003年SARS爆发期间在香港接受恢复期血浆的患者的结局,尽管不是随机试验,但在1775例患者中,接受恢复期血浆治疗的80例患者的死亡率(12.5%)较入院患者的SARS相关总死亡率(n = 299[17%])低。尽管被动抗体疗法具有潜在的实用性,但几乎没有将其用作针对新出现和大流行性传染病威胁的初始疗法,主要是由于缺乏大型试验,而且最有效的制剂(恢复期血浆或超免疫球蛋白H-Ig)也是未知的。迅速增加的COVID-19病例为被动抗体疗法功效的临床研究提供了一个前所未有的机会,如果经过严格的调查,如大规模的随机临床试验,显示出疗效,则使用这种疗法也可以帮助改变大流行的进程。

文章中还指出了关于如何调整规模以满足不断增长的需求,一种方法是将恢复期血浆和H-Ig的使用以互补的方式结合起来,以治疗目前COVID-19大流行和随后的传染病中的感染患者,可能需要以下步骤和注意事项:首先,血液中心可以开始从恢复期的供体中收集血浆;其次,在收集后几天内,临床医生可以将恢复期血浆输注到感染的患者中,通过临床、实验室和影像学结果监测患者的反应与配对血浆样品中的抗体滴度、特异性和中和活性进行比较,以开发出更好的算法来识别预测临床疗效的患者和供体因素;第三,为扩大血浆收集能力以及学术、工业和政府研究项目提供资金,血浆输血中易发生的不良反应必须仔细追踪;第四,COVID-1感染和与临床功效相关因素的动态建模可用于告知血液中心和血浆行业之间恢复期血浆(和供体)的分布,以便后者制造浓缩的COVID-19H-Ig;第五,在几个月内,临床医生可能开始使用少量H-Ig制剂,与恢复期血浆一样,识别预测COVID-19 H-Ig反应的因素以及追踪不良反应也至关重要。

尽管被动抗体疗法面临挑战,但这可能是保护高危人群的一种方法,并且可以与开发疫苗和抗病毒药物相辅相成,因此加速这一工作也很重要。

原始出处:

John D. Roback,et al. Convalescent Plasma to Treat COVID-19 Possibilities and Challenges. JAMA. March 27, 2020

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    2021-03-08 by2009
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    2021-01-14 lifefamily

    #恢复期血浆治疗#这个观点值得肯定

    0

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    2020-03-31 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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