Oncotarget:利用抗生素副作用消除癌症干细胞?

2015-01-30 王英 生物通

抗生素是细菌、霉菌或其他微生物的代谢产物或人工合成的类似物,通俗地讲,抗生素就是用于治疗各种细菌感染或抑制致病微生物感染的药物。目前抗生素的不合理使用已经引起了广受关注的抗生素耐药性问题。 但是就在最近,曼彻斯特大学的一位研究人员在与他女儿进行的一次交谈中受到启发,发现了一种方法,利用常用抗生素的副作用来消除癌症干细胞。 曼彻斯特大学Breakthrough Breast

抗生素是细菌、霉菌或其他微生物的代谢产物或人工合成的类似物,通俗地讲,抗生素就是用于治疗各种细菌感染或抑制致病微生物感染的药物。目前抗生素的不合理使用已经引起了广受关注的抗生素耐药性问题。

但是就在最近,曼彻斯特大学的一位研究人员在与他女儿进行的一次交谈中受到启发,发现了一种方法,利用常用抗生素的副作用来消除癌症干细胞

曼彻斯特大学Breakthrough Breast Cancer 研究部门主任Michael P. Lisanti教授带领了这项研究。在他与女儿进行的一次关于他在癌症科学研究所的工作的谈话之后,他受到启发而研究抗生素对癌症干细胞线粒体的影响。

这一研究结果发表在美国权威肿瘤研究杂志 Oncotarget ,有望开辟一种新的癌症治疗方法,这种方法是非常有效的,给这些已被安全使用了几十年的药物赋予了新的用途。

线粒体是细胞的“发动机”部分,是干细胞突变和分裂从而导致癌症这个过程的能量来源,癌症干细胞与所有癌症的生长和复发密切相关,用正常治疗方法特别难以消除,这也导致肿瘤对其他类型的治疗产生了耐药性。

Lisanti教授说:“当我与Camilla谈论如何治愈癌症的时候,她问我,为什么不像治疗其他疾病那样使用抗生素呢?我知道,抗生素可以影响线粒体,并且我已经做了很多工作,去探讨它们对于肿瘤的生长有多么重要,但是这次谈话帮助我建立了一个直接的联系。”

Lisanti教授与艾伯特爱因斯坦医学院及Kimmel癌症中心的同事合作。该研究小组使用5种抗生素,包括1种用于治疗痤疮的抗生素多西环素,他们选取了8种不同类型的肿瘤细胞系进行实验,发现其中4种抗生素都能在每一次实验中消除癌症干细胞。这包括胶质母细胞瘤,最具侵袭性的脑肿瘤,以及肺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌乳腺癌胰腺癌和皮肤癌。

内共生学说(endosymbiotic theory)认为线粒体来源于细菌,即细菌被真核生物吞噬后,在长期的共生过程中,通过演变,形成了线粒体。这就是为什么有些用来消灭细菌的抗生素也会影响线粒体的功能,但在一定程度上它对人类是没有危险的。当它们存在于干细胞中,线粒体可提供能量让干细胞生长,更重要的是分化,如果这个过程出错就会导致癌症。

在实验室中,抗生素对正常细胞没有不利影响,因为它们已被批准用于人类,这种新疗法的试验应该比新药物试验更简单,可节省时间和金钱。

Lisanti教授说:“本研究提供了强有力的证据支持开展新的人类试验,将抗生素用于对抗癌症。我们所使用的许多药物是非常有效的,对正常细胞损伤很少或者没有损伤,这些抗生素已经被使用了数十年,已被FDA批准用于人类。然而,我们当然还需要进一步的研究来验证其有效性,尤其是与更传统的疗法相结合。”

Breakthrough Breast Cancer高级研究主任Matthew Lam博士说:“研究人员得出的结论,同时也是这个阶段的假设,一定很有趣。抗生素很便宜,而且容易获得,如果能够及时证明使用它们与消除癌症干细胞之间的关联,这项工作可能向癌症治疗新途径迈出了第一步。”

“这是‘为什么继续对科学研究投资是如此重要’的一个完美例子,有时候一些最大问题的答案就在我们面前,但是我们却没有持续探索这些答案,我们从来没有找到它们。”

重要的是,以前的抗生素临床试验——用于治疗癌症相关感染而不是癌细胞,已经在癌症患者中表现出积极的治疗效果。这些试验是在晚期或耐药患者中进行的。

在肺癌患者中,使用抗生素阿奇霉素,可使患者的生存率从45%提高到75%。即使是“无菌”的淋巴瘤患者也从为期一周的强力霉素治疗疗程中受益,并表现出疾病的完全缓解。这些结果表明,抗生素的治疗效果实际上是独立于感染的。

本研究另外一位负责人Federica Sotgia博士说:“这些药物比目前的治疗方法更便宜,所以它们可以改善发展中国家的癌症治疗,在未来十年内这些地区的癌症死亡人数预计会显著增加。”

原始出处:

Michael P. Lisanti et al.Antibiotics that target mitochondria effectively eradicate cancer stem cells, across multiple tumor types: Treating cancer like an infectious disease.Oncotarget, January 2015


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    2015-12-29 闆锋旦
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    2015-02-04 ilovegrx

    如果能有质的突破,必然是下一个医学诺贝尔奖

    0

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    2015-02-01 116.247.99.**

    太科研了

    0

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    2015-01-30 lovetcm

    离谱点

    0

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