常见的心脏原发性恶性肿瘤

2017-11-04 唐杰 姜玉新 超声医学

最常见的心脏原发性恶性肿瘤是肉瘤,其又分为血管肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤等。它们各自有何特点?

最常见的心脏原发性恶性肿瘤是肉瘤,其又分为血管肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤等。它们各自有何特点?

病史和相关检查 

患者,男性,67岁,因右心衰竭入院治疗,行超声检查。

超声图片 如图2‐1‐259。

超声描述 右心室内可见一中等回声实性肿块,表面不平,基底较宽。

超声诊断 右心室实性肿块,性质待定。


图2‐1‐259 右室流出道肉瘤

临床最后诊断或病理诊断 手术切除病理证实为右室流出道肉瘤。

【讨论】

肉瘤(sarcoma)是最常见的心脏原发性恶性肿瘤。

血管肉瘤(angiosarcoma)是肉瘤中最常见的类型,男性的发病率大于女性。血管肉瘤大多发生于右侧房室,可广泛浸润而累及心外膜和心包。瘤体突向右房室腔内,可阻塞三尖瓣或肺动脉瓣口(图2‐1‐260)。镜检可见异常的血管腔,管腔排列不齐,部分管腔内充满内皮细胞。临床表现包括右心衰、心包积液和上下腔静脉梗阻的症状和体征。


图2‐1‐260 右室流出道黏液肉瘤向肺动脉内生长 A﹒二维超声心动图;B﹒彩色多普勒超声图像

横纹肌肉瘤也是肉瘤的常见类型,各年龄均可发生,多见于儿童。60%为多发性。镜检的特征是可见横纹肌细胞。瘤体可位于室间隔,也可突出到左室腔或右室腔内,使心腔或流出道受压。瘤体通常较大,呈分叶状,表面不光滑,活动性差,可广泛浸润周边组织。多数患者有瓣膜受累、上下腔静脉梗阻、心包积液等临床表现。

纤维肉瘤较少见,心肌、心包及双侧心腔均可受累,多数患者为多发性,瘤体突向心腔。镜检显示由梭形细胞构成。50%患者有瓣膜受累的临床表现。

骨肉瘤多发生在邻近肺静脉入口的左房后壁,也可发生于心室壁,瘤体可突向心腔内,瘤体较大时甚至阻塞房室瓣瓣口。镜检示有恶性成骨细胞。可有传导阻滞、心律失常和左室流入道梗阻的临床症状及体征。

平滑肌肉瘤多位于心脏左侧心包腔内,肿瘤内为豆渣样物质,常合并有心包积液和胸腔积液。

常见超声表现

1﹒瘤体大小不一,呈单发或多发,形态不规则,结节状或息肉状突出,回声增强且不均匀,边界不清。

2﹒肿瘤多无蒂,活动度差,与正常组织界面不清,瘤体浸润导致附着处心内膜或心外膜中断,心肌运动僵硬。

3﹒常浸润上下腔静脉和肺静脉,破坏心内结构和心包。

4﹒多普勒超声常可显示肿瘤所引起的血流受阻和(或)反流的存在与程度。

5﹒常合并心包积液。

注意事项及误诊漏诊原因分析

心脏肉瘤浸润广泛,常为多发性,应注意观察瘤体的位置、大小、数目、形态、活动度及附着点,还应注意观察肿瘤与周围组织的关系,查看上下腔静脉和肺静脉入口处是否有肿瘤的延伸、瓣膜的受损程度以及心包积液的多少。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1846604, encodeId=b6981846604ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3a33e0306d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#原发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37030, encryptionId=d3a33e0306d, topicName=原发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sat Dec 02 05:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=259066, encodeId=153d25906611, content=看看哈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/syBKejEucZo9aZXqKib7wdZYRpZOzeEKDyA59Er4fkK2ff1X7w9pfDTWUY75EBCpsNo0iaGqly7sJMtEPI2Pur6Q/0, createdBy=eb672097339, createdName=lucycici, createdTime=Mon Nov 06 06:45:11 CST 2017, time=2017-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258804, encodeId=9cf3258804dc, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sun Nov 05 09:06:23 CST 2017, time=2017-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258617, encodeId=8a1525861e9c, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Nov 04 12:42:05 CST 2017, time=2017-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258586, encodeId=5ba0258586c3, content=极罕见.为什么心脏不容易患癌症?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Nov 04 11:23:21 CST 2017, time=2017-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-06 lucycici

    看看哈

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1846604, encodeId=b6981846604ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3a33e0306d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#原发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37030, encryptionId=d3a33e0306d, topicName=原发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sat Dec 02 05:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=259066, encodeId=153d25906611, content=看看哈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/syBKejEucZo9aZXqKib7wdZYRpZOzeEKDyA59Er4fkK2ff1X7w9pfDTWUY75EBCpsNo0iaGqly7sJMtEPI2Pur6Q/0, createdBy=eb672097339, createdName=lucycici, createdTime=Mon Nov 06 06:45:11 CST 2017, time=2017-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258804, encodeId=9cf3258804dc, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sun Nov 05 09:06:23 CST 2017, time=2017-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258617, encodeId=8a1525861e9c, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Nov 04 12:42:05 CST 2017, time=2017-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258586, encodeId=5ba0258586c3, content=极罕见.为什么心脏不容易患癌症?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Nov 04 11:23:21 CST 2017, time=2017-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-05 大爰

    学习并分享!!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1846604, encodeId=b6981846604ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3a33e0306d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#原发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37030, encryptionId=d3a33e0306d, topicName=原发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sat Dec 02 05:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=259066, encodeId=153d25906611, content=看看哈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/syBKejEucZo9aZXqKib7wdZYRpZOzeEKDyA59Er4fkK2ff1X7w9pfDTWUY75EBCpsNo0iaGqly7sJMtEPI2Pur6Q/0, createdBy=eb672097339, createdName=lucycici, createdTime=Mon Nov 06 06:45:11 CST 2017, time=2017-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258804, encodeId=9cf3258804dc, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sun Nov 05 09:06:23 CST 2017, time=2017-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258617, encodeId=8a1525861e9c, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Nov 04 12:42:05 CST 2017, time=2017-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258586, encodeId=5ba0258586c3, content=极罕见.为什么心脏不容易患癌症?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Nov 04 11:23:21 CST 2017, time=2017-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-04 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1846604, encodeId=b6981846604ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3a33e0306d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#原发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37030, encryptionId=d3a33e0306d, topicName=原发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sat Dec 02 05:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=259066, encodeId=153d25906611, content=看看哈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/syBKejEucZo9aZXqKib7wdZYRpZOzeEKDyA59Er4fkK2ff1X7w9pfDTWUY75EBCpsNo0iaGqly7sJMtEPI2Pur6Q/0, createdBy=eb672097339, createdName=lucycici, createdTime=Mon Nov 06 06:45:11 CST 2017, time=2017-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258804, encodeId=9cf3258804dc, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sun Nov 05 09:06:23 CST 2017, time=2017-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258617, encodeId=8a1525861e9c, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Nov 04 12:42:05 CST 2017, time=2017-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258586, encodeId=5ba0258586c3, content=极罕见.为什么心脏不容易患癌症?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Nov 04 11:23:21 CST 2017, time=2017-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-04 lovetcm

    极罕见.为什么心脏不容易患癌症?

    0

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右下肺癌切除术后心脏向右移位1例报

患者男,61岁,因“咳嗽、咯痰、伴上腹部疼痛3年,加重伴呃逆2个月”于2010年8月16日入首都医科大学宣武医院。