胡大一:普及落实“双心医学” 重视患者抑郁

2017-08-05 胡大一 胡大一大夫

医者,看的是病,救的是心,开的是药,给的是情!


单纯生物医学模式是“现代医学”(西医)与生俱来的先天缺陷。推动医学模式转变,实现心理-生物-社会综合医学模式,不能停留在理论与口号上。我1995年在朝阳医院倡导并身体力行实施的“双心医学”(cardiophycology)——care both heart and mind.模式是一个从实践上走出单纯生物医学模式的突破口。

焦虑/抑郁不仅是人情绪的激亢和低落,而且会出现躯体症状。最常见的症状部位:第一在胸部,第二在腹部。由于心血管医生至今大多数仍缺乏精神心理的常识性教育,又忽视问诊的重要意义,出现了荒谬烧钱的怪异等式:胸痛=心绞痛=不稳定性心绞痛。

不仅如此,近期欧洲的研究表明,伴有抑郁症的心血管病患者死亡率是不伴有抑郁症患者的两倍。并且,抑郁是心血管患者死亡最重要最强的危险因素,其预测价值高于年龄、高血压糖尿病、心力衰竭、肾衰竭、心肌梗死卒中病史。而且即使心血管病患者发生抑郁的时间不长,也同等程度增加死亡风险。

抑郁与心血管病互相影响,形成恶性循环。一方面,伴有抑郁增加心血管病患者死亡风险;另一方面,患了心血管病,做了支架或搭桥的患者更容易出现焦虑与抑郁,包括对疾病和支架/搭桥的远期效果心中无数,纠结。而我们当前的医疗模式是“只卖汽车不办4s店”,做完手术就放羊。有限的随访,更多是医生关注收集数据,为的是做研究,写论文,真正出于对患者健康与慢病的全面全程关爱和服务少之又少,尤其很少涉及精神心理方面的呵护。

伴有抑郁的患者,服药的依从性更差,也是导致预后不好的原因之一。抑郁症时,体内免疫功能、自主神经功能的紊乱,也可使死亡风险增加。

欧洲的研究对象为2.4万冠心病患者,其中15%(2646例)有抑郁症。伴有抑郁的冠心病患者与不伴抑郁的冠心病患者相比较,前者更年轻,女性居多,糖尿病更常见,既往患抑郁者也更常见。

我们要把双心服务模式更为广泛扎实地加以推广普及,并推向以县医院为中心的乡镇村和城市的社区医疗服务,以及老年医养结合的服务内涵。应制定相关指南和临床路径,明确要求对所有的冠心病患者进行精神心理评估和干预。要把对焦虑/抑郁的干预,视为对高血压糖尿病和低密度脂蛋白的干预同等重要。

作为临床医生,无论专科还是全科,不认真学习精神心理知识,不把精神心理服务融入自己的临床工作,就不可能真正尊重患者的感受,理解患者的疾苦。因此,必然是“跛足”医生。支架/搭桥/药片的一条腿长,精神心理的一条腿短,是知识与服务能力残缺不全的医生。

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    2017-08-13 kalery

    学习了。好文章

    0

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    2017-08-06 明天会更好!

    学习过了,很好!

    0

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    2017-08-05 virya

    心理医治同样很重要

    0

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    2017-08-05 1e0e5a1fm42(暂无匿称)

    henhao

    0

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