Lancet Oncol:阿昔替尼联合帕博利珠单抗治疗晚期肉瘤,PFS率远超历史

2019-05-14 Lisa 肿瘤资讯

对于晚期肉瘤患者而言,目前仍缺乏有效的治疗药物。一些抗血管生成的TKI类药物显示出一定的疗效,但疗效仍有待进一步提高。在其他瘤种中开展的研究发现,抗血管生成治疗联合免疫治疗具有协同作用,近期发布在《柳叶刀·肿瘤学》(Lancet Oncology)杂志的一项II期研究在晚期肉瘤患者中评估了阿昔替尼联合帕博利珠单抗的疗效。

对于晚期肉瘤患者而言,目前仍缺乏有效的治疗药物。一些抗血管生成的TKI类药物显示出一定的疗效,但疗效仍有待进一步提高。在其他瘤种中开展的研究发现,抗血管生成治疗联合免疫治疗具有协同作用,近期发布在《柳叶刀·肿瘤学》(Lancet Oncology)杂志的一项II期研究在晚期肉瘤患者中评估了阿昔替尼联合帕博利珠单抗的疗效。

背景

肉瘤是一类罕见、具有广泛异质性的肿瘤,骨和软组织肉类包含100多种不同的肉瘤类型,约占成人肿瘤的1%和儿童肿瘤的15%。一些软组织肉瘤亚型对细胞毒性化疗原发耐药,包括肺泡状软组织肉瘤(ASPS)。ASPS的常见发病人群为青少年和年轻人,这类肿瘤易出现广泛转移,患者预后较差。ASPS和一些其他肉瘤亚型,常表现为VEGF高表达和肿瘤乏氧,这类患者预后较差,抗VEGFR TKI类药物,如帕唑帕尼、瑞戈非尼和阿昔替尼在这类患者中显示出一定的抗肿瘤活性。此外,免疫检查点抑制剂在肉瘤中也进行了一些研究,观察到一定的疗效。既往在黑色素瘤和肾细胞癌中的研究发现,肿瘤血管生成可以维持肿瘤的免疫抑制微环境,因此,抗VEGFR TKI联合抗PD-1单抗可能具有协同作用。该II期研究旨在晚期肉瘤患者中评估抗阿昔替尼联合帕博利珠单抗治疗的疗效。

方法

该单臂、II期研究入组了年龄为16岁或以上、组织学确诊的肉瘤、患者具有可测量病灶、在入组前6个月内采用RECIST 1.1标准评价为疾病进展、有1个可以进行重复活检的病灶、ECOG PS评分0~1分的患者。患者既往至少接受过一线化疗或靶向治疗,除非患者没有合适的标准治疗或拒绝接受标准治疗。允许患者既往接受过除阿昔替尼以外的TKI或免疫检查点抑制剂。入组患者连续接受阿昔替尼,5mg,bid口服联合帕博利珠单抗200mg,d8,之后每3周使用1次直至2年。主要研究终点为3个月的无进展生存(PFS)率;次要终点包括治疗相关的不良事件(TRAEs)、ORR、临床获益率,至疾病进展时间和总生存率(OS)。

结果

该研究共入组36例患者,其中33例(92%)接受研究药物治疗,可以进行安全性评估。30例患者在治疗3个月时进行了影像学复查,可以进行疗效分析。3例患者在3个月影像学复查前终止治疗,其中2例患者是因为临床进展,1例患者是因为毒性。

中位随访14.7个月后,意向性分析显示总体人群3个月的PFS率为65.6%,中位PFS为4.7个月,见下图1A。6个月和12个月的PFS率分别为46.9%和27.5%。至数据截止,33例患者中,17例(52%)因疾病进展死亡。总体人群的中位OS为18.7个月,1年生存率为72%。在完成方案人群中(n=32),中位PFS为6.9个月,3个月的PFS率为70.0%,6个月和12个月的PFS率分别为50.0%和29.3%。

在32例可评估客观疗效的患者中,未观察到完全缓解(CR)的患者,8例(25.0%)患者取得部分缓解(PR),9例(28.0%)患者取得疾病稳定(SD),因此获得临床获益的患者比例为53.1%(n=17),见图2。中位疗效持续时间为29周,至取得PR的中位时间为19.4周。大多数治疗取得缓解的患者为ASPS,11例可评估疗效的ASPS患者中,6例取得PR(54.5%),2例(18%)获得SD,因此临床获益率为72.7%(n=8)。

安全性分析显示,阿昔替尼联合帕博利珠单抗的安全性与既往临床试验中两个药物作为单药使用的安全性一致。3-4级TRAEs发生率为39%(13/33),3~4级自身免疫毒性发生率为15%(5/33)。最常见的任意级别的TRAE包括疲劳(26例;79%)、口腔粘膜炎(23例;70%)、甲减或甲亢(21例;64%),恶心或呕吐(22例;67%)、鼻咽堵塞(18例;55%)和腹泻(19例;58%)。严重TRAEs发生率为21%(7例),包括自身免疫性肠炎、转氨酶升高、气胸、咯血、癫痫和高甘油三脂血症。

结论和讨论

该研究是第一项在肉瘤中评估抗VEGFR TKI联合抗PD-1单抗治疗的研究,总体人群3个月的PFS率达到65.6%,超过了历史数据(19%),该二线方案显示出有意义的临床获益,但仍需进行更进一步的研究。

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    2019-09-28 minlingfeng
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    2019-06-10 howi
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    2019-05-16 cathymary

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