正确饮食,让透析患者远离高钾血症

2016-12-28 杜鹏 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院急诊科 医学界急诊与重症频道

对正常人来说,即使钾摄入过多,也可以通过肾脏有效排除,但对于透析患者,就需要通过血液或者腹膜透析的方式将钾排出体外。即便是每周规律透析治疗 ,仍有部分患者会因为“心悸”、“恶心”、“腹痛”等等症状来急诊就诊,一查电解质 --- 高钾血症。向患者及其家属询问最近饮食有没有什么特殊,回答多是“没什么特别的啊”,但往往是这种没什么特别的饮食,将过多的钾带入了患者的体内。即使是透析间期,过多的摄入钾就会引

对正常人来说,即使钾摄入过多,也可以通过肾脏有效排除,但对于透析患者,就需要通过血液或者腹膜透析的方式将钾排出体外。即便是每周规律透析治疗 ,仍有部分患者会因为“心悸”、“恶心”、“腹痛”等等症状来急诊就诊,一查电解质 --- 高钾血症。


向患者及其家属询问最近饮食有没有什么特殊,回答多是“没什么特别的啊”,但往往是这种没什么特别的饮食,将过多的钾带入了患者的体内。即使是透析间期,过多的摄入钾就会引起高钾血症,这也是透析患者常见的死亡原因之一。


钾普遍存在于粗杂粮、坚果、肉类、蛋奶、菌菇类、水果等食物中,一般大家都会有所注意,但却常常忽略食品添加剂、调味料、饮料中的钾含量,所以,如何正确选择食物显得尤为重要。


一、主食的选择


1. 以精致白米、白面为主,多选择米饭、馒头、白面条、白米粥等无油主食,可以减少热量及钾的摄入。


2. 避免粗杂粮,如小米、玉米(玉米面、玉米糁、鲜玉米)、紫米、燕麦、红绿小豆(豆包、绿豆粥),因粗杂粮中富含钾。


3. 尽量提前食用主食(与肉菜同食),避免菜类肉类何如过多。


二、蔬菜类的选择


1. 选择含钾少的蔬菜,以瓜茄类蔬菜为主,如冬瓜、西葫芦、黄瓜、丝瓜、茄子等,某些叶类菜如大白菜、圆白菜也可以,此类菜钾含量较低。


2. 避免过多食用绿叶菜(油菜、蒿子秆等)、根茎类菜(土豆、南瓜、芋头等)、菌菇类菜(木耳、蘑菇、紫菜等),此类菜富含钾离子。


3. 菜类以清炒为主,因酱油等调味剂中含有一定量的钾,同时勾芡的烹调方式容易将菜汤裹于菜上,导致更多钾的摄入。


三、肉类的选择


1. 纯瘦肉为主,忌食肥肉、肉皮,少吃排骨、肘子、鸡翅、鸡腿等油脂含量高的蔬菜。


2. 忌食内脏类及肉类加工制品,如香肠、火腿、午餐肉等。


3. 忌煎炸,尽量多选择煮炖类的肉,如酱牛肉、手撕鸡、炖肉等,因钾都可溶于水,煮炖的烹调方式克去除部分食物中的钾。


4. 最重要的是控制摄入量,肉类为高钾食物,每天摄入2-3两左右就可以满足身体需要。


四、其他


1. 避免食用汤类、火锅。


2. 避免坚果的摄入,包括芝麻烧饼及麻酱面。

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    2019-10-19 146175d2m55暂无昵称

    合理饮食

    0

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    2016-12-29 天涯183

    合理饮食很重要

    0

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    2016-12-29 雾夜芭蕾

    煮水可以去掉大多数的钾

    0

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    2016-12-29 刘煜

    学习新知识谢谢

    0

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    2016-12-28 inter158

    对正常人来说,即使钾摄入过多,也可以通过肾脏有效排除,但对于透析患者,就需要通过血液或者腹膜透析的方式将钾排出体外。

    0

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