不控食欲、不长肉的减肥药即将面世

2018-02-22 王新凯 奇点网

2018年年初,德克萨斯大学加尔维斯顿医学分部的研究人员找到了一种神奇的抗肥胖药物,能够抑制脂肪堆积,而且不会抑制食欲。

每逢佳节胖三斤,但这又能怪谁,还不是因为好吃的太多了。面对美食的诱惑,不吃,实在是“暴殄天物”,而选择吃的话,又会“一不小心”长胖。而长胖的可怕之处就在于,变胖容易变瘦难。

据说,减肥界流传着两种绝对科学有效的减肥秘籍——少吃和多动,然而当今能做到这两点的人,则是少之又少。奇点糕作为一只吃货,也一直在想能不能有一种办法,既能控制肥肉堆积,又不影响对美食的摄入。尤其是随着春节的到来,这种想法愈加强烈。

2018年年初,来自德克萨斯大学加尔维斯顿医学分部(UTMB)的研究人员,还真的找到了这么一种神奇的抗肥胖药物,能够抑制脂肪堆积,而且不会抑制食欲。动物实验研究表明,这种药物通过增加脂肪细胞的代谢,选择性地收缩多余的脂肪,并且显着降低肥胖小鼠的体重和血液胆固醇水平,而不会影响食物摄入量。

必须要强调的是,奇点糕不厌其烦地叨叨“减肥”话题,真心不是嫌弃什么“美丑”的问题,而是因为肥胖这种疾病,真的真的会对健康造成严重的不良影响。

据统计,目前全世界已经有19亿人被列为超重,其中6亿肥胖患者。不仅如此,有充足的科学研究证实,脂肪过多是包括2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、炎症、中风、非酒精性脂肪肝以及癌症(如结直肠癌乳腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌)在内众多疾病的主要风险因素,全球每年至少有280万人的死亡可归咎于超重或肥胖!

这么看来,大家能明白奇点糕苦口婆心讲减肥,真的是为他(wo)们的健康考虑了吧。

但正如前面所说,包括饮食和锻炼在内生活方式的改变,是最有助于逆转肥胖和改善慢性疾病的办法,但想要让大家做到这一点难度不是一般的大(要是能坚持做到这些改变,早干嘛去了。。)。那么除了节食和运动之外,有没有什么其它更容易实现的减肥方法吗?比如神奇小药丸之类的。

理论上,是存在肥胖症的药理学治疗方法的,比如通过药物抑制下丘脑的食欲,比如通过一些激素促进脂肪直接分解或抑制脂肪合成,但不幸的是,目前大多数批准上市的抗肥胖药物,仅具有适度的功效,甚至会产生严重的副作用(例如心血管风险、中枢神经系统效应),更不提朋友圈或某宝上的那些“三无”减肥神药了。

因此,寻找更有效的药物干预措施以改善甚至逆转肥胖及其合并症,已经成为科学研究的热门领域。这其中就不得不说烟酰胺-N-甲基转移酶(NNMT)。

NNMT是一种胞质酶,在调节细胞能量稳态方面发挥重要作用。在肥胖和糖尿病小鼠的白色脂肪组织(WAT)中NNMT的表达被上调,而且在饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠中,白色脂肪组织中NNMT活性显着高于棕色脂肪组织、肝脏和肺部组织。此外,NNMT反应产物1-甲基烟酰胺(1-MNA)的血浆水平与脂肪NNMT表达、个体体重指数(BMI)和腰围在临床上密切有关。

更有趣的是有研究表明,减少小鼠脂肪NNMT的表达,即使饲喂高脂饮食也不会导致小鼠肥胖。NNMT也就无疑成为了治疗肥胖和相关T2D的新型作用靶点。

按照本次研究论文通讯作者、UTMB副教授Stanley Watowich的说法,“随着脂肪细胞变得越来越大,它们开始过度表达一种蛋白质,这种蛋白质作为一种代谢抑制剂,会减缓脂肪细胞的新陈代谢,使得这些细胞更难燃烧积累的脂肪。”

但是有了靶点,只是完成了八字第一撇,总不能为了像做实验一样,动不动就把NNMT相关基因敲除了吧。真正万里长征的开始,就是寻找有效的NNMT小分子抑制剂。

基于靶点结构特征,研究人员通过设计并筛选出了三种选择性和膜渗透性NNMT抑制剂5-氨基-1MQ、7-氨基-1MQ和2,3-二氨基-1MQ。为了验证这些化合物的效果如何,研究人员在前脂肪细胞和脂肪细胞中使用5-氨基-IMQ(30μM浓度)处理,结果发现能够显着降低细胞内1-MNA的水平。


NNMT抑制剂对细胞内烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)补救途径和蛋氨酸循环代谢产物的影响

接下来,研究人员通过对小鼠进行高脂肪饮食喂养,直到他们都变成大胖子,然后接受药物或安慰剂治疗。在治疗10天后,研究人员发现,接受实际药物治疗的肥胖小鼠体重减轻了超过7%,白色脂肪组织的质量和细胞大小比安慰剂组下降了30%。

此外,药物治疗的小鼠中血液胆固醇降低至正常水平,类似于非肥胖小鼠。相反,安慰剂治疗的小鼠在整个研究过程中继续累积白色脂肪并增加体重(毕竟吃的是高脂饮食)。

关键是,在整个研究期间,药物治疗组和安慰剂组中的小鼠消耗相同量的食物,这一方面表明NNMT抑制剂没有影响到小鼠的食欲,另一方面表明小鼠吃胖之后又减肥成功,并不归功于节食。


NNMT抑制剂导致高脂饮食肥胖小鼠的体重减轻和脂肪组织减少(a,体重变化对比;b,摄食变化对比;c,脂肪组织变化对比)

UTMB生物化学和分子生物学研究科学家、论文第一作者Harshini Neelakantan表示:“阻断脂肪细胞中NNMT的作用,提供了一种创新的特异性机制来增加细胞的新陈代谢,减少白色脂肪的沉积,从而从根本上治疗肥胖症和相关代谢疾病。这些最初的实验结果令人鼓舞,并支持这种新的更有效的对付代谢性疾病方法的进一步发展。”

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    2018-02-26 虈亣靌

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-02-22 惠映实验室

    学习.谢谢分享.

    0

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    2018-02-22 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2018-02-22 医者仁心5538

    好消息.但愿有用

    0

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    2018-02-22 沙漠浪人

    既能控制肥肉堆积.又不影响对美食的摄入.

    0

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