Lancet:血小板功能检测的曙光?

2017-11-02 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

急性冠脉综合征(ACS)发病时和早期阶段,血小板活化都扮演着重要作用。ACS经皮冠脉介入手术(PCI)患者的临床结局已经得到显著改善,强效P2Y12抑制剂比如普拉格雷或替格瑞洛虽然会增加出血风险,但是显著降低了缺血风险。当前ACS指南推荐ACS经过PCI后给予强效P2Y12抑制剂1年。然而,这些药物的最大获益发生在PCI后早期也就是缺血并发症高发期,在长期治疗中这些药物会增加出血风险。这些原理


急性冠脉综合征(ACS)发病时和早期阶段,血小板活化都扮演着重要作用。ACS经皮冠脉介入手术(PCI)患者的临床结局已经得到显著改善,强效P2Y12抑制剂比如普拉格雷或替格瑞洛虽然会增加出血风险,但是显著降低了缺血风险。当前ACS指南推荐ACS经过PCI后给予强效P2Y12抑制剂1年。然而,这些药物的最大获益发生在PCI后早期也就是缺血并发症高发期,在长期治疗中这些药物会增加出血风险。这些原理提示PCI后应该逐步采取降阶梯治疗,比如早期给予强效P2Y12抑制剂,慢性期给予低效的氯吡格雷治疗。然而,截止到目前为止,降阶梯治疗的有效性和安全性证据还很匮乏,一些小型研究的结论也相互矛盾。尽管缺乏明确的证据,但是在临床实践中急性ACS后经常采用抗血小板治疗的降阶梯治疗策略,大约15-28%的ACS患者 出院后把强效抗血小板药物更换为低效抗血小板药物。这包括几个原因,担心出血或非出血性不良事件,高出血风险的患者,花费问题比如氯吡格雷过了专利保护期更便宜。

然而,把强效抗血小板药物换为低效氯吡格雷的降阶梯治疗策略面临着一些问题,比如氯吡格雷的巨大的反应变异性,高治疗血小板反应性(high on-treatment platelet reactivity,HPR),这种情况在ACS患者中很常见。HRP增加缺血事件复发风险,包括心梗和支架术后血栓形成。血小板功能检测(platelet function testing,PFT)可以识别对氯吡格雷HPR的患者,识别出由于P2Y12抑制不足血栓事件风险增加的患者,这些患者可以继续使用强效P2Y12抑制剂比如普拉格雷。因此,PFT可用于降阶梯治疗。

2017年10月来自慕尼黑的Dirk Sibbing等在Lancet上发表了TROPICAL-ACS研究结果,目的在于探讨PFT指导下早期降阶梯抗血小板治疗(把普拉格雷换为氯吡格雷)的安全性和有效性。

该研究为研究者发起,随机,开放标签,评价者盲,多中心临床试验。纳入对象为ACS经过成功PCI治疗的患者,并且双联抗血小板治疗计划持续12个月。纳入的患者随机给予普拉格雷标准治疗12个月(对照组),或降阶梯治疗组(普拉格雷1周,随后氯吡格雷1周,此时对氯吡格雷进行血小板功能检测。HPR者提示血小板抑制不足,更换为普拉格雷;否则继续氯吡格雷)(PFT指导降阶梯组)。主要终点为随机1年临床净获益(心血管死亡、心梗、卒中或BARC出血分级>=2)(non-inferiority hypothesis; margin of 30%)。ITT分析。

该研究共纳入了2610例患者,其中PFT指导降阶梯组1304例,对照组1306例。PFT指导降阶梯组和对照组主要终点发生率分别为7%和9%(P non-inferiority = 0.0004; HR 0.81 [95% CI 0.62–1.06], P superiority=0.12)。尽管早期进行降阶梯,但是降阶梯组未增加心血管死亡、心梗或卒中的复合风险(vs 对照组)。降阶梯组和对照组BARC出血分级>=2的发生率分别为5%和6%(HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.59–1.13]; p=0.23)。

最终作者认为就PCI后1年临床净获益而言,PFT指导降阶梯治疗方案不次于标准治疗方案(普拉格雷)。这个试验提示对于ACS进行PCI的患者,早期降阶梯抗血小板治疗是一种可选择的方案。

原始出处:

Sibbing D, Aradi D, Jacobshagen C,et al.Guided de-escalation of antiplatelet treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (TROPICAL-ACS): a randomised, open-label, multicentre trial.Lancet. 2017 Oct 14;390(10104):1747-1757. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32155-4. Epub 2017 Aug 28.

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    2018-01-02 yangpeizhi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725149, encodeId=100c1e2514978, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=58476021257' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#曙光#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60212, encryptionId=58476021257, topicName=曙光)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=180c33737541, createdName=yangpeizhi, createdTime=Tue Jan 02 02:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1829295, encodeId=97651829295c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Feb 28 21:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1974064, encodeId=123319e406427, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=955f8902367' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血小板功能检测#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89023, encryptionId=955f8902367, topicName=血小板功能检测)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f7482500171, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Thu Jul 26 21:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258049, encodeId=7a2e25804981, content=学习了很多先进的医疗技术, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161027/IMG58114E1818EA51495.jpg, createdBy=4b2c1959822, createdName=雅文博武, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 11:01:41 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258038, encodeId=76ca25803840, content=好的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 10:31:14 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-28 howi
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    2017-11-02 雅文博武

    学习了很多先进的医疗技术

    0

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    2017-11-02 orangesking

    好的

    0

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血小板,巨核细胞分裂出的无核细胞质,在止血和动脉血栓形成过程中发挥重要作用。酪蛋白激酶2(CK2)在巨核细胞和血小板中都可以检测到,对于CK2依赖性信号通路对巨噬细胞/血小板的病理生理机制的作用尚不明确。