J Geriatr Cardiol:阜外医院周宪梁团队发现,β阻滞剂降白天血压有优势,利尿剂控制夜间血压好

2019-05-31 朱柳媛 中国循环杂志

阜外医院周宪梁教授等人开展的一项研究表明,在老年高血压患者中,不同降压治疗方案对日间和夜间的血压控制效果存在较大差异。

阜外医院周宪梁教授等人开展的一项研究表明,在老年高血压患者中,不同降压治疗方案对日间和夜间的血压控制效果存在较大差异。

总体上,不论单用还是两药联用,基于β受体阻滞剂的降压方案在日间血压控制方面更优,而基于利尿剂的降压方案对夜间血压控制的效果较好。

研究者表示,该研究结果说明,在血压控制效果方面,老的降压药物并不劣于新型降压药物。

研究者从我国16个省市的58个中心纳入1920例≥60岁的门诊高血压患者,通过24小时动态血压监测数据,评估不同降压治疗方案对血压控制的效果。血压控制目标为:24小时、日间、夜间平均血压分别<130/80、135/85、120/70 mmHg。患者的平均年龄为71岁,近六成为女士。

研究显示,近2/3(64.7%)的患者应用单药治疗,26.7%的患者接受联合降压治疗,其余患者未治疗。

单药治疗比较

在五大类主要降压药物中,钙拮抗剂是应用最多的单药,占60.3%,其中以氨氯地平为主(占58.1%);23.3%应用血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB);6.4%应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI);6.2%应用β受体阻滞剂;3.6%应用利尿剂。

日间血压控制:β受体阻滞剂对日间血压的控制率最高,达59.7%;利尿剂对日间血压的控制率最低,仅40%。应用β受体阻滞剂的患者日间血压得到控制的可能性是应用利尿剂者的2.22倍。

夜间血压控制:利尿剂对夜间血压的控制效果最好,控制率为33.3%;钙拮抗剂效果最差,控制率仅18%。与应用利尿剂者相比,应用钙拮抗剂者夜间血压得到控制的可能性低59%。

勺型血压曲线:在达到勺型血压曲线方面,利尿剂效果最好,33.3%应用利尿剂者为勺型血压;β受体阻滞剂效果最差,仅16.9%的患者为勺型血压。与应用利尿剂者相比,应用β受体阻滞剂者达到勺型血压的可能性低62%。

另外,β受体阻滞剂对24小时平均血压控制率也最高,达46.8%。

两药联用比较

RAS抑制剂+钙拮抗剂是应用最多的两药联合降压方案,占56.5%;其次是β受体阻滞剂+钙拮抗剂以及RAS抑制剂+利尿剂,分别占17.2%和15.6%;

RAS抑制剂+β受体阻滞剂仅占10.7%。

日间血压控制:与其他联用方案相比,β受体阻滞剂+钙拮抗剂对血压的整体控制效果最好,对日间血压的控制效果最好(55.7%),RAS抑制剂+钙拮抗剂控制效果最差(41.7%)。

夜间血压控制:RAS抑制剂+利尿剂对夜间血压的控制效果最好(35%),RAS抑制剂+β受体阻滞剂效果最差(10.9%,OR=0.24)。

勺型血压曲线:在获得勺型血压曲线方面,RAS抑制剂+利尿剂的效果也倾向于最好(23.8%),RAS抑制剂+β受体阻滞剂则相对最差(20%)。

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    2020-03-14 zhyy88
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