徐松涛教授:EGFR-TKI在EGFR敏感突变非小细胞肺癌全程管理中的重要地位

2019-03-26 佚名 肿瘤资讯

EGFR-TKI已成为晚期EGFR突变阳性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的标准治疗,显着地延长了患者的总生存时间。近年来随着ADJUVANT等研究结果的公布,EGFR-TKI开始应用于术后辅助治疗,在新辅助治疗中的研究也正在开展。

EGFR-TKI已成为晚期EGFR突变阳性非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)的标准治疗,显着地延长了患者的总生存时间。近年来随着ADJUVANT等研究结果的公布,EGFR-TKI开始应用于术后辅助治疗,在新辅助治疗中的研究也正在开展。

第三代EGFR-TKI奥希替尼为EGFR阳性非小细胞肺癌患者的一线治疗带来更多获益

近年来,非小细胞肺癌的治疗进展非常快,EGFR突变的靶向治疗尤为突出。FLAURA研究显示,第三代靶向药物奥希替尼对比第一代靶向药物,可明显改善患者生存,无论是中枢神经转移的还是对于颅外病灶,其疗效明显优于第一代靶向药物,而且这种优势在用药之初即有显着体现。鉴于FLAURA研究的结果并结合其他研究数据,奥希替尼迅速进入各大指南的一线治疗推荐。随着奥希替尼在中国上市以及我们国家医保政策的要求,奥希替尼价格大幅下降,拥有那么好的治疗效果,奥希替尼临床一线应用一定会给患者带来更多益处。

EGFR敏感突变早期非小细胞肺癌术后辅助靶向治疗进展

对比化疗,靶向治疗在晚期非小细胞肺癌治疗中已显示出显着的疗效优势,而且安全性更好。早期非小细胞肺癌术后存在复发风险,而术后辅助化疗降低复发转移的疗效有限,改善生存的作用较小,而且不良反应很大。因此寄希望于通过辅助靶向治疗降低肺癌患者术后的复发转移率,改善患者生存。最早的Ⅱ期单臂SELECT研究入组了100余例患者,研究结果显示,辅助靶向治疗的疗效优于辅助化疗,2年无复发生存率达88%~89%。在此基础上,由广东省人民医院吴一龙院长领衔启动了ADJUVANT研究,同样是对比术后辅助化疗和辅助靶向治疗,该研究结果于2017年在ASCO会议上发表,后续全文发表于《柳叶刀·肿瘤》杂志,结果显示,术后辅助靶向治疗较辅助化疗延长了约10个月的无复发生存时间,而且辅助靶向治疗耐受性更好,ADJUVANT研究在非小细胞肺癌术后辅助靶向治疗上取得突破。随后王长利教授开展的EVAN研究进一步证实了ADJUVANT研究的结论,表明对于EGFR敏感突变、淋巴结转移的非小细胞肺癌患者,术后辅助靶向治疗优于传统辅助化疗,不良反应更小,耐受性更好。

第三代EGFR-TKI奥希替尼用于术后辅助治疗的ADAURA研究启动

基于ADJUVANT和EVAN研究结果,第一代EGFR-TKI在EGFR敏感突变非小细胞肺癌术后辅助治疗的良好疗效已经得到明确。鉴于奥希替尼在晚期非小细胞肺癌中较第一代EGFR-TKI的疗效更好,不良反应更小,那么第三代EGFR-TKI奥希替尼在术后辅助靶向治疗中是否会有更好的疗效呢?目前有一项名叫ADAURA的研究已经启动,这项研究入组早中期EGFR阳性非小细胞肺癌患者,辅助靶向治疗时间为3年,比较术后奥希替尼辅助治疗的获益情况,并对比第一代EGFR-TKI的历史数据,观察奥希替尼能否有更多获益。我们目前也非常期待这项研究的结果。从现有临床实践看,ADAURA研究中奥希替尼疗效很有可能达到研究预期。

非小细胞肺癌的新辅助治疗探索

非小细胞肺癌新辅助治疗也是很重要的话题,很多患者在确诊时都属于中晚期,有些患者的手术机会很勉强,将这部分患者以及部分局部晚期患者转化为可手术患者,是新辅助治疗的主要治疗目标。此外,新辅助治疗还可能进一步改善手术治疗的效果。

辅助治疗和新辅助治疗统称为围手术期治疗,其目的都是为了进一步提高总的治疗效果。近2年免疫治疗在晚期肺癌治疗中有很大突破,一些小型临床研究显示,新辅助免疫治疗的疗效令人惊喜,很多案例在术后接近病理学完全缓解。因此新辅助免疫治疗也可能是未来的研究热点。最近钟文昭教授和吴一龙教授公布了CTONG1103研究数据,结果显示,新辅助靶向治疗较新辅助化疗有更高的客观缓解率。目前新辅助治疗,无论是靶向治疗,还是免疫治疗,都存在一个共同问题,就是临床数据较少,缺乏大型研究证据支持。靶向治疗和免疫治疗获益的人群并不相同,靶向治疗主要针对有驱动基因敏感突变人群,这些人群往往不是免疫治疗的合适人群。近期的研究数据显示,对于有EGFR、ALK敏感突变的患者,新辅助靶向治疗优于新辅助化疗,而没有敏感突变的患者,采用新辅助免疫治疗优于新辅助化疗,两种治疗模式都值得进一步探索。

非小细胞肺癌复发转移的监测和全程管理

作为胸外科医师,我深深感到肺癌的治疗必须强调全程管理,我们首先是医生,其次才是胸外科医生,不能只想着把肿瘤切了就算了,必须要关注肿瘤的发生发展过程,理解肿瘤生物学行为。只有这样才可能进一步降低患者复发转移风险,提高总的治疗效果,单纯成功的手术是远远不够的。目前,接近一半患者术后会出现复发转移,只有非常早期的肺癌患者行单纯手术治疗即可,一旦肿瘤浸润,虽然病灶表现为局部,但其他地方可能已有肿瘤细胞浸润,因此单纯外科手术局部切除不足以完全清除体内癌细胞,必须通过辅助治疗消灭残留肿瘤细胞,才能降低复发转移率。对敏感突变患者可以辅助靶向治疗,辅助化疗目前也仍有其地位,其他辅助治疗手段还需进一步探索。辅助治疗后还需定期监测,尽早发现复发转移,检测手段包括传统的CT影像学检查以及新兴的液体活检,通过血液检查更早的发现复发转移,以便更早地干预,或许能更好地提高治疗效果。此外,不同的辅助治疗后,复发转移的模式也不相同,辅助靶向治疗较化疗复发时间推迟,复发部位也有所不同,我今年在JTO上发表的文章中也阐述了这个观点,对于辅助靶向治疗的治疗模式,我们可能更需要关注一些特殊情况,尤其是脑转移的情况,需要延长监测时间,监测重点也有所区别,这是我们在复发转移检测上的一些经验。

敏感突变非小细胞肺癌辅助靶向治疗后复发转移的治疗策略

对于复发转移的患者,治疗还是要强调精准诊断,肿瘤复发转移后的基因分子表型可能与初始肿瘤有所不同,因此最好通过液体活检或组织活检来确定,以便给予针对性的治疗。但有时活检标本并不容易获取,这时的治疗可以根据经验进行,当然如有可能,所有治疗尽量要建立在明确证据的基础上。如果只是局部复发,部分患者还可以进行外科手术。总体而言,复发后的治疗应该个体化,根据复发具体类型和外科医师的经验以及复发后的分子信息来选择最合适的治疗方法。

奥希替尼在复发转移EGFR敏感突变非小细胞肺癌中的应用价值

奥希替尼是非常好的药,现在的指南将其作为EGFR突变一线治疗的优先推荐,奥希替尼之前的临床研究呈现了很好的数据,比如FLAURA研究当中,我们可以看到奥希替尼相对第一代EGFR-TKI,无论是总得生存率,还是伴有脑转移病人生存率,都比第一代药物有明显的优势,而且这个优势是在用药刚开始时并表现出来了,所以说对于EGFR敏感突变的患者,奥希替尼优于第一代的药物,特别是对于有中枢神经系统转移的病人,有脑转移的病人,它的疗效比第一代TKI要好很多,是这些病人的优先选择。基于FLAURA研究结果,以及其他最近公布的研究结果,所以各大指南纷纷把奥希替尼作为EGFR突变阳性NSCLC一线治疗的优先推荐。

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    2019-03-28 lsj628
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    2019-03-28 liuyiping

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