Gut Microbes:科学家揭秘:肠道微生物是如何与大脑交流的

2017-08-24 佚名 生物探索

来自伊利诺伊大学的一项新研究结果表明,某些肠道细菌和大脑代谢物之间存在着一种沟通途径,这种途径是通过一种名为皮质醇的血液化合物来实现的。出乎意料的是,这一发现提供了一种解释自闭症特征的潜在机制。



肠道微生物是近年来十分热门的一个研究领域。最近的研究表明,它们可以影响人类的健康、行为和某些神经疾病,比如自闭症。但是它们如何与大脑交流呢?来自伊利诺伊大学的一项新研究结果表明,某些肠道细菌和大脑代谢物之间存在着一种沟通途径,这种途径是通过一种名为皮质醇的血液化合物来实现的。出乎意料的是,这一发现提供了一种解释自闭症特征的潜在机制。该研究于近日发表于Gut Microbes上。

“在婴儿期,神经代谢的改变对大脑发育有深远的影响,微生物或者说居住在我们肠道内的细菌、真菌和病毒的集合在这个过程中扮演着重要的角色。” 伊利诺伊大学神经科学项目的博士生Austin Mudd说。“然而,目前还不清楚哪些特定的肠道细菌在大脑发育过程中影响最强,以及哪些因素可能会影响肠道和大脑的关系。”

研究人员研究了1个月大的小猪,它们与人类婴儿的肠道和大脑发育非常相似。研究人员首先确定了猪的粪便和升结肠内容物中细菌的相对丰度,然后测量血液和大脑中某些化合物的浓度。

Mudd说:“把小猪作为代替人类婴儿的动物模型,为研究发育的各个方面提供了独有的机会,因为在人类婴儿身上收集数据往往更加困难或面临伦理上的挑战性。例如,在这项研究中,我们想看看是否能在猪的粪便中发现可以预测血液和大脑中化合物浓度的细菌,这两者在婴儿身上都难以表现。”

肠道微生物丰度与大脑代谢物浓度之间存在关联

研究人员首先鉴定了粪便细菌和大脑代谢物之间的预测关系。他们发现,Bacteroides(拟杆菌属)和Clostridium(梭菌属)都预示着高浓度的肌醇,Butyricimonas能预测N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)水平,Bacteroides也能预测大脑中总肌酸的水平。此外,当小猪粪便中Ruminococcus(瘤胃球菌属)含量更丰富时,大脑内NAA含量较低。

“已经发现,在被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的个体中,这些大脑代谢物发生改变,但以前没有研究发现菌属和这些特定的代谢物之间存在独特联系。”Mudd指出。

两种肠道微生物与5-羟色胺和皮质醇浓度有关

接下来是确定这四种细菌是否能预测血液中的化合物。“血液生物标志物是可以从婴儿身上收集的临床相关的样本。直接研究婴儿大脑当然更好,但让婴儿进行成像在逻辑上和伦理上都是困难的。但是,我们可以从婴儿身上获取粪便和血液。” 伊利诺伊大学动物科学部门的副教授Ryan Dilger说。

研究人员发现,粪便微生物组和5-羟色胺及皮质醇之间存在预测关系。具体来说,Bacteroides与较高5-羟色胺水平有关,而Ruminococcus预示着5-羟色胺和皮质醇的浓度较低。Clostridium和Butyricimonas与任何一种化合物都没有密切关联。

Mudd说,结果支持了先前与ASD有关的发现。“血清中5-羟色胺和皮质醇的改变,以及粪便中Bacteroides和Ruminococcus的水平,都在ASD个体中被提及过。”

Ruminococcus通过皮质醇与大脑交流

根据他们最初的分析,研究人员想知道Ruminococcus,皮质醇和NAA三者之间是否存在关系。他们使用了一种名为中介分析(Mediation Analysis)的统计方法,发现血清皮质醇介导了粪便Ruminococcus丰度和脑NAA浓度之间的关系。换句话说,Ruminococcus似乎是通过皮质醇间接与大脑进行交流并产生变化的。

Mudd说:“最初,我们研究的是肠道微生物群、血液生物标志物和大脑代谢物之间的关系。但当我们着眼于调查确定的关联时,研究将我们引导向了已报道的自闭症文献。我们保持谨慎态度,不希望在没有临床干预试验的支持下夸大我们的发现,但我们猜测这可能是导致自闭症异质性症状的一个影响因素。”

原始出处:

Austin T. Mudd et al, Serum cortisol mediates the relationship between fecal Ruminococcus and brain N-acetylaspartate in the young pig, Gut Microbes (2017). DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1353849.

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    2017-09-04 xjy02
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    2017-09-11 sunfeifeiyang

    肠道微生物是好东西啊

    0

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    2017-08-24 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    好文章-.学习了.

    0

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    2017-08-24 雾夜芭蕾

    很多细菌病毒微生物对成长都有影响

    0

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