I型糖尿病治疗新方法:免疫耐受型人工胰岛细胞

2016-06-01 佚名 生物谷

(图片摘自www.sciencealert.com)

(图片摘自www.sciencealert.com)


I型糖尿病并不是一个容易治愈的疾病,科学家们不仅需要解决患者体内的胰腺无法产生胰岛素的问题,还需要考虑移植外源性细胞时产生的免疫排斥现象。这是一个两难的问题。

 
不过,美国专利审查机构最近批准了首个能够解决这一问题的办法:通过将胰岛素分泌细胞进行修饰,从而逃脱体内免疫系统的识别与攻击,有效期可长达数年之久。
 
这类细胞叫做"Melligen cells"。它们能够感受体内血糖含量,生产、储存以及释放胰岛素。
 
来自悉尼理工大学的科学家们经过数年的时间对这类Melligen细胞进行遗传修饰,使其获得分泌胰岛素的能力,这类细胞能够代替I型糖尿病患者体内被摧毁的胰岛Beta细胞。
 
早在去年,该研究组就发表文章报道了该细胞能够缓解I型糖尿病小鼠的病情。
 
这一结果十分有意义,但是这些小鼠属于免疫耐受的体系,因此它们是不会因为移植外源细胞而产生免疫排斥。人体则不同,这些细胞一旦被释放到体内,将会被免疫细胞即刻识别并攻击,这也就是这一新的合作的意义所在。
 
悉尼理工大学的研究者们与美国临床生物科技公司"PharmaCyte Biotech"进行合作,该公司开发了一种将细胞"隐藏"起来的技术:Cell-in-a-Box。理论上,该技术能够帮助Melligen细胞免受体内免疫系统的识别,他们合作的这一新产品获得了专利许可。
 
"Cell-in-a-Box"具有特殊的纤维素结构,能够允许分子自由出入,内部的Melligen细胞能够识别体内的血糖含量,进而分泌胰岛素。而这一切都不会受到免疫系统的干扰。
 
"我们预期这一技术能够使得Melligen"细胞免受免疫系统的影响,使得该细胞向人体移植的难度变低"。
 
该公司称,'Cell-in-a-Box'技术能够在体内维持两年以上,并且不会引发周围组织的损伤,这意味着该技术能够作为长期的治疗I型糖尿病的方法。
 
需要指出的是,虽然已经有文章分别报道了以上两个技术("Cell-in-a-Box"、"Melligen cell"),但是针对两类技术的组合目前并没有相关文章。不过,既然该组合已经获得了专利许可,研究者们应该会进行临床试验。
 
"对于全球数百万饱受I型糖尿病困扰的人群,我们的疗法能够代替每天必须的胰岛素注射方法,这将提高他们的生活质量,并降低频繁注射药物带来的副作用"。


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    2016-09-15 舒心和人

    应用到实践中造福人类

    0

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    2016-07-05 baoya
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    2016-06-02 沉心多思

    好文章,不错,得多学习了!

    0

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