脑动静脉畸形的立体定向放射外科治疗了解一下?

2018-08-11 陈豪 陈如东 神经精神界

有研究显示其用于预测立体定向放射外科(stereotactic radiosurgery,SRS)治疗小AVM的预后也是可靠的;SM分级IV-V级AVM因其体积大、血管构筑复杂、部位险要等特点,难以成功治疗;SRS已广泛用于治疗手术切除困难的小AVM,但其治疗SM分级IV-V级AVM的有效性目前尚无共识。针对上述问题,Jason P. Sheehan等人进行了一项多中心、回顾性队列研究,该研究

有研究显示其用于预测立体定向放射外科(stereotactic radiosurgery,SRS)治疗小AVM的预后也是可靠的;SM分级IV-V级AVM因其体积大、血管构筑复杂、部位险要等特点,难以成功治疗;SRS已广泛用于治疗手术切除困难的小AVM,但其治疗SM分级IV-V级AVM的有效性目前尚无共识

针对上述问题,Jason P. Sheehan等人进行了一项多中心、回顾性队列研究,该研究目的有三:1.描述SRS治疗SM分级IV-V级AVM的预后情况;2.确定影响预后的相关因素;3.比较SRS治疗未破裂和已破裂SM分级IV-V级AVM的预后情况。

作者从8个伽马刀治疗中心回顾性收集了233例经单次SRS(single-session SRS)治疗的SM分级IV-V级AVM患者(表1),纳入标准为:1.SM分级IV-V级AVM;2.接受单次SRS治疗;3.基本资料足以评估病例的人口学信息、临床表现、既往出血史、畸形团特点(直径、体积、部位)、放疗前栓塞史以及SRS剂量参数等;4.SRS治疗后随访时间≥12个月;所有病例均接受同种伽玛刀设备(Elekta AB)治疗。随后进行临床随访(神经功能状态)和影像学随访(MRI和血管造影),并将预后良好定义为:AVM闭塞(随访MRI无流空现象,血管造影无异常动静脉沟通)、无放疗后出血(post-SRS hemorrhage)、无永久症状性放疗相关改变(radiation-induced changes,RIC),平均随访时间为84.5个月(12个月~275.6个月)。分析结果如下:


1.61例患者(26.2%)预后良好,单因素分析显示大型AVM(P=0.002)和既往出血史(P=0.044)与预后不良相关,而多因素分析显示仅大型AVM(P=0.04)与预后不良相关。

2.随访3年、7年、10年、12年,AVM闭塞率分别为15%、34%、37%、42%,多因素分析显示放疗前无栓塞史(P=0.024)和浅表部位AVM(P=0.019)分别为放疗后AVM闭塞的独立影响因素,而与AVM直径无关。

3.SRS治疗后共39例出血,总出血率为16.7%,标化后的年出血率为3%,多因素分析显示大型AVM(P=0.049)为放疗后出血的独立影响因素。

4.总RIC率为32.6%,其中症状性RIC为10.3%,永久性RIC为3.9%,分析显示放疗前无栓塞史(P=0.05)与低RIC率相关。

5.在单次SRS治疗未破裂SM分级IV-V级AVM和已破裂者亚组比较中,未破裂组共110例,预后良好22例(20%),AVM闭塞31例(28.2%);已破裂组共123例,预后良好39例(31.7%),AVM闭塞52例(42.3%)。分析显示未破裂组SM分级IV-V级AVM的良好预后率和闭塞率显着低于已破裂组,而两组间放疗后出血率、RIC率、症状性RIC率、永久性RIC率无明显差异(表2)。


综上所述,作者认为单次SRS治疗SM分级IV-V级AVM的有效性有限,良好预后率并不高,尤其未破裂组良好预后率更低,因此不推荐将单次SRS作为治疗SM分级IV-V级AVM的常规方法。

▲专家点评(于加省:华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院,神经外科)

这是一篇关于单次SRS治疗SM分级IV-V级AVM有效性的多中心、回顾性研究,总体来看,研究设计合理,统计方法得当,思维逻辑清晰,但也有一些不足之处:

1.应该注意到,这虽是一个多中心研究(个别中心仅提供了1个病例),但不是一个前瞻性研究,且样本量不大,故说服力不够强。

2.本研究结果显示,单次SRS治疗前有栓塞史较无栓塞史的AVM闭塞率更低。作者分析原因可能与栓塞材料的阻挡影响定位、栓塞材料对射线的散射或吸收、栓塞诱导的血管再生以及栓塞后血管再通有关。但是也应该考虑到临床工作中SRS治疗前栓塞的目的和临床效果,如靶向栓塞畸形团中的动脉瘤和高流量动静脉瘘,可以降低AVM出血风险和缓解临床症状。

3.从文章可以看出,单次SRS治疗SM分级IV-V级AVM的总出血率为16.7%,标化后年出血率为3%,与其自然破裂率相当,故获益不明显,且永久性RIC较高,故不支持单次SRS治疗此类病变。

4.对于已闭塞的AVM(83例),文中有19例(8.2%)仅靠MRI判断,另64例(27.5%)用MRI联合血管造影判断。已闭塞的83例AVM中有13例(占AVM闭塞例数的15.7%)发生放疗后出血,文中并未提及这13例出血是否发生在上述19例中,故单独用MRI来判断AVM闭塞的可靠性值得商榷。

5.单次SRS治疗后的亚组分析中,未破裂组放疗后死亡率为7.3%,高于破裂组(死亡率3.3%)2倍,让人难以理解,但无统计学差异,可能与样本量小有关。文中未分析死亡原因。

6.无论SRS治疗前栓塞与否,单次SRS治疗后都不能获得满意的良好预后,那么分次栓塞后放疗,或栓塞后分次放疗是否更有效,有待进一步研究。

7.随着对AVM的发生发展、血管构筑以及血流动力学的认识进一步加深,随着栓塞材料、栓塞技术以及栓塞理念的进一步改进,未来AVM的栓塞效果无疑将得到进一步提高。文中SRS治疗前栓塞的理念、技术、材料皆不得而知,故临床医生不能仅靠有栓塞史的AVM在SRS治疗后闭塞率低这一点而否定治疗前栓塞的作用。

总之,SM分级IV-V级AVM的风险主要为其破裂导致的死亡和严重残疾,治疗充满挑战,到底何种治疗方法更具优势,期待更大样本、更多中心、更前瞻性的研究证实。

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    2018-12-18 liao1632
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    2018-10-17 fusion
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    2018-08-12 wanghx2006

    学习

    0

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    2018-08-11 183****7028

    学习

    0

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