Nat Commun:这种胆固醇代谢产物“劫持”免疫细胞,让癌症扩散

2017-10-17 佚名 生物探索

美国伊利诺伊大学的一项新研究发现,胆固醇的代谢产物——27羟基胆甾醇(27HC)作用于特定的免疫细胞,劫持免疫系统以促进癌症扩散,或是癌症转移的“罪魁祸首”。开发出抑制27HC的小分子药物,有望降低高胆固醇的癌症患者体内肿瘤细胞的扩散。

一项新的伊利诺伊大学研究发现,胆固醇副产物通过劫持免疫细胞促进乳腺癌的扩散。上图左起:博士后研究员Amy Baek,Erik Nelson教授和乳腺癌幸存者Sarah Adams。

很多人都知道,脂质分子胆固醇(cholesterol)在人体动脉血管里的聚集会导致心肌梗死和中风等疾病,但对于它的其它危害,知道的人就很少了。

近日,伊利诺伊大学(University of Illinois)研究人员发现:胆固醇的代谢产物27羟基胆甾醇(27-hydroxycholesterol, 27HC)可作用于特异性免疫细胞,帮助乳腺癌传播到身体的其他部位。这项研究被发表在 Nature Communications(《自然·通讯》)上。

抑制27HC可减少肿瘤转移

据统计:每8个妇女中,就有1个是乳腺癌患者。其中,很多妇女在治疗后会经历转移性乳腺癌,约1/10的患者将会在5年内发生转移;若癌症扩散到临近的淋巴结或组织,转移的风险将上升为1/6。而当乳腺癌扩散到其他的组织和器官中,目前医学上很难找到有效的治疗方法。

在这项实验中,Erik Nelson教授团队给患有乳腺癌的老鼠喂食高胆固醇的食物。结果发现:高水平的胆固醇会增加肿瘤的生长和转移,而使用降胆固醇药物他汀治疗的小鼠则有更少的转移。于是,他们通过进一步研究发现:他汀类药物抑制了胆固醇代谢过程中产生27HC的酶。

Erik Nelson教授团队希望找出乳腺癌转移的驱动程序,并采用相关药物来进行定位,譬如开发小分子药物来抑制27HC。在他看来,对于患有高胆固醇的乳腺癌患者,不妨尝试采用降低胆固醇的他汀类药物来进行辅助治疗,或可抑制肿瘤细胞的扩散。

27HC“愚弄”免疫细胞

“通过抑制产生27HC的酶,我们发现抑制因子对乳腺癌的转移作用。这表明27HC是一种可作用于γδT细胞和中性粒细胞的生化介质,开发出抑制27HC酶活性的药物或是一种有效治疗方法。”伊利诺伊大学博士后研究员Amy Baek解释道。

“正常情况下,身体免疫系统可以识别并且能够攻击肿瘤细胞,”伊利诺伊大学分子和综合生理学教授Erik Nelson说,“但是我们发现27HC可作用于免疫细胞,愚弄它们把肿瘤细胞当作是健康细胞,从而劫持免疫系统以促进癌症扩散。”此外,他们还发现特异性免疫细胞(某些类型的嗜中性粒细胞和γδ-T细胞)在27HC高度转移的位点发生异常活动;抑制27HC后,细胞毒性CD8 + T淋巴细胞数减少。

可应用于多种实体瘤

既然胆固醇的代谢产物27HC是通过“劫持”免疫系统而不是帮助乳腺癌本身转移,因此研究人员认为他们的研究结果对实体肿瘤具有广泛的适用性。

于是,他们又进行了结肠癌肺癌,黑色素瘤和胰腺癌的实验,发现27HC可以增加所有肿瘤类型的转移!

Erik Nelson教授表示,这表明使用药物靶向27HC的治疗可以在多种癌症类型中有效,我们有望开发出针对27HC靶点的新型药物。

此外,研究团队正积极探索27HC影响免疫细胞的途径,并与合作伙伴一起进行临床研究,以确定27HC在人类患者中是否与在小鼠体内存在相同的作用机制。

原始出处:

Amy E. Baek et al, The cholesterol metabolite 27 hydroxycholesterol facilitates breast cancer metastasis through its actions on immune cells, Nature Communications (2017). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00910-z.

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    2018-08-03 liuli5079
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    2018-01-05 liye789132251
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    2017-10-17 tanxingdoctor

    学习啦!谢谢分享!

    0

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2017年9月,发表在《J Am Coll Cardiol》的一项由美国、加拿大、波兰、法国等国科学家进行的研究,考察了他汀不耐受的患者发生肌肉疾病的情况,并找出优化胆固醇治疗的方案。

GW-ICC2017:并不简单的胆固醇故事:朋友还是敌人?

血脂异常是动脉粥样硬化(AS)的最主要危险因素之一,而胆固醇水平的异常与心血管疾病的发生密切相关。GW-ICC 2017,在“【五洲会】代谢性心血管病论坛”上,来自首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院的蔺洁教授、齐玥教授针对血脂异常与心血管疾病的关系进行了解析。

Redox Biol:OGC或可作为肝细胞癌治疗的一个新型靶标

研究结果显示,OGC的选择性过表达是HCC细胞的适应机制,以便在线粒体胆固醇负荷时提供足够的线粒体谷胱甘肽水平。该研究结果表明OGC或可作为HCC治疗的一个新型靶标。

JACC:家族性高胆固醇血症的临床标准诊断 vs 基因检测

对非选择性的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)升高的患者中进行遗传筛查来确诊家族性高胆固醇血症(FH)的意义并不大。近日,在国际心血管权威杂志JACC上发表了一篇旨在评估基因检测确诊为FH伴有急性冠脉综合征患者的发病率,并对比临床诊断FH和基因检测FH的诊断价值。本研究纳入了103例年龄≤65岁,LDL-C水平≥160mg/dl并伴有急性冠脉综合征的患者,对其7个FH易感基因(LDLR, APOB,

JACC:如何减少他汀类使用中出现的肌肉毒性等副作用?

他汀类药物通过降低低密度脂蛋白或“不良”胆固醇来预防心脏病发作非常有效。然而,10%至20%的服用他汀类药物的患者报告肌肉相关症状,包括疼痛和痉挛,限制了他们使用推荐剂量。服用他汀类药物的患者心血管事件的风险很高,导致医疗保健成本上升。

Eur Heart J:多学科讨论:极高浓度的“好”胆固醇也有害

丹麦科学家进行的两项前瞻性队列研究表明,极高的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与男性和女性高死亡率相关。目的:不同浓度的HDL-C与心血管疾病和死亡率负相关,但是遗传证据表明,极高浓度反而会导致更多的心血管疾病。研究者检验了假设,即极高浓度的HDL-C与较高的男性和女性全因死亡率相关。方法和结果:总共52268名男性和64240名女性从两项前瞻性基于人群的研究(哥本哈根市心脏研究和哥本哈根普通人群