Cell:光真的能影响我们的情绪和学习

2018-11-13 小通 生物通

一组研究人员确定了光影响小鼠情绪和学习的神经通路。

一组研究人员确定了光影响小鼠情绪和学习的神经通路。



其实很长一段时间里,科学家们都认为光对于人体的影响重大,比如冬季日光时间减少,会导致抑郁情绪增多,这是昼夜节律中断的间接后果,但是其中的机制,科学家们尚不清楚。

来自美国NIH的研究人员发现了光敏视网膜神经节细胞(intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs)的作用新机制,为光影响情绪和学习所需的神经基础提供了新的见解。

2017诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁给了发现“调控昼夜节律的分子机制”的三位科学家,他们的发现解释了植物、动物和人类是如何适应自身的生物节律并与地球的转动保持同步。

在昼夜节律和生物钟机制中,光扮演了重要的角色,比如研究人员曾发现黑视素能吸收光并引发一种使细胞给大脑发出光信息的生化级联反应。通过这些信号,ipRGCs能够根据日出日落校准身体律节。这种生理节律控制着警戒、睡眠、激素产生、体温和器官功能。

但是,在2012年,约翰霍普金斯大学的时间生物学家Samer Hattar等人发现,即使睡眠和昼夜节律不受干扰,光线也可以提高小鼠的情绪评分和学习能力。

为了解这些影响,最新研究中,研究人员分析了最近发现的光受体,也就是ipRGCs,这种视觉细胞与视杆细胞和和视锥细胞不同,它们在图像形成中不起作用。

“解剖学数据表明[细胞]可以直接影响几个涉及情绪和学习功能的大脑区域,”文章作者表示。

但出乎意料的是,研究人员发现具有不同ipRGCs的转基因小鼠消融显示出两种独立的途径来介导情绪和学习。 一组ipRGCs投射到视交叉上核,一个投射到与昼夜节律功能相关的大脑区域。投射到视交叉上核(SCN)的ipRGCs介导光对学习的影响,与SCN的功能无关。 另一方面,通过光的情绪调节需要SCN非依赖性途径将ipRGC连接到先前未识别的丘脑区域,称为周围核(PHb)。 PHb集成在具有情绪调节中心的独特环路中,对于驱动光对情感行为的影响是必要且充分的。

“我们惊呆了,它们完全可以分离,”Hattar说。

密歇根州立大学的神经心理学家Lily Yan说,这些结果进一步支持了一些光效应的昼夜节律独立性,这有助于阐明与某些光照条件相关的神经精神疾病背后的机制。

原始出处:Fernandez DC, Fogerson PM, Lazzerini Ospri L, et al. Light Affects Mood and Learning through Distinct Retina-Brain Pathways. Cell. 2018 Sep 20;175(1):71-84.e18.

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    2019-03-31 维他命
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    2018-11-15 hqxulei

    学习了

    0

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    2018-11-14 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-11-14 zybear

    我认同这种观点,如果把光用到装修上,会产生神奇的效果!

    0

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