Stroke:降压治疗对脑小血管病的作用

2018-07-26 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

脑小血管病(Serebral small vessel disease,SVD)是一个复合术语,神经影像上脑小血管损害是其特征,包括白质高信号(WMH)、腔隙、微出血、血管周围间隙、急性小皮层下梗死和脑萎缩。随着严重程度的增加,SVD与认知功能和步态受损有关。

脑小血管病(Serebral small vessel disease,SVD)是一个复合术语,神经影像上脑小血管损害是其特征,包括白质高信号(WMH)、腔隙、微出血、血管周围间隙、急性小皮层下梗死和脑萎缩。随着严重程度的增加,SVD与认知功能和步态受损有关。

高血压是脑小血管病的重要危险因素。虽然抗高血压药物(antihypertensive medication,AHM)能够有效地预防大动脉脑血管病并且应用于临床实践,但是其对SVD的作用尚不清楚。

2108年6月来自荷兰的Tessa van Middelaar等在Stroke上公布了他们的系统性综述和meta分析,探讨了AHM对SVD MRI表现进展的作用。

研究者检索了2017年1月30日前的随机对照研究,这些随机对照研究探讨了AHM对>=1 脑SVD MRI表现(比如WMH、腔隙、微出血、扩大血管周围间隙、急性小皮层下梗死和脑萎缩)患者>=1年后的作用。采用标准化均数差进行了随机效应meta分析。

共纳入了4想试验,纳入的患者合并卒中糖尿病、年龄>=70岁。在28-47个月,AHM组WMH进展的可能性更低(standardized mean difference, -0.19; 95% confidence interval, -0.32 to -0.06; I2=20%; n=1369)。对于脑萎缩的进展,两项研究取得了不一致的结果。这些试验皆未报道对其他脑小血管病表现的作用。

最终作者认为,AHM对进展性白质高信号具有保护作用,但是对脑萎缩无效。没有试验探讨AHM对腔隙、微出血、扩大血管周围间隙或急性小皮层下梗死的作用。

原始出处:van Middelaar T1,2, Argillander TE3, Schreuder FHBM4, et al. Effect of Antihypertensive Medication on Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2018 Jun;49(6):1531-1533. 

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