Cell Rep: 小脑过度活跃,会引起整个大脑的问题

2019-09-14 佚名 中国生物技术网

9月10日,发表在《Cell Reports》的一项研究中,来自日本京都大学的研究团队发现小脑中的免疫活性诱导动物的神经元过度兴奋,干扰了精神运动行为。



9月10日,发表在《Cell Reports》的一项研究中,来自日本京都大学的研究团队发现小脑中的免疫活性诱导动物的神经元过度兴奋,干扰了精神运动行为。

位于颅骨下背部的小脑,在调节诸如平衡、运动学习和语言等自主运动方面起着关键作用。最近的研究证实了小脑参与了高阶的大脑功能,包括视觉反应、情绪和运动规划。这项新研究还发现其另一个联系——抑郁行为。

该研究团队报告了用大鼠进行的一系列实验,发现急性炎症使小脑处于过度兴奋状态,导致动物的动机和社交能力暂时下降。

研究通讯作者、京都大学Hakubi高级研究中心生物物理系Gen Ohtsuki博士说:“这项研究的开始是为了了解大脑的免疫系统如何改变其活动。事实上,已有文献表明小脑功能障碍与某些广泛性发育障碍(如自闭症和抑郁症)之间存在关联。”


图片来源:Cell Reports

Ohtsuki解释道:“尽管我们现在对小脑在高阶脑功能中的作用有了更进一步的了解,但具体的信号传导机制仍然是个谜。我们对过度免疫活动期间大脑中发生的情况知之甚少。为此我们进行了一系列实验,激活小脑中的免疫细胞,并观察结果。”

视频中,与对照组(左)相比,患有急性小脑炎症的大鼠(中)剥削行为减少。当给予抗炎细胞因子或神经免疫抑制剂时,它们行为恢复正常(右)。视频来源:京都大学

大脑的免疫细胞被称为小胶质细胞,它们对细菌和病毒做出反应以减轻损伤,该反应导致炎症。利用电生理学技术,该研究团队发现,小胶质细胞导致神经元以更高的速率放电,这种现象被称为内在可塑性。这进而又导致小脑进入过度兴奋状态。

这种由免疫触发的反应被证明可以改变行为。当用急性小脑炎症诱导大鼠时时,其社交能力、自由觅食的动机显着下降。

Ohtsuki说:“这些行为调节是抑郁症样行为的迹象。一旦炎症消退,它们就会恢复正常。此外,如果用神经免疫抑制剂和炎症细胞因子治疗大鼠,这种表型可以被挽救。我们还研究了高阶脑区是否也受到影响。对大鼠的fMRI研究显示,前额皮质的活动明显增加,突显了小脑与高阶脑区的相互联系。”

Ohtsuki说:“大脑中过度的免疫活动会诱发行为病理学,我们预计它还会与其他精神和认知疾病有关,如痴呆症。但要了解任何有关病理机制的信息,我们需要将其与遗传风险因素等其他数据结合起来。在这项研究中,我们关注的是炎症。在未来,我们将开始明确阐明这些行为变化的生理、分子和遗传机制。”

该研究结果使研究团队倍感鼓舞,并表示未来还将进一步研究。

原始出处:Masamichi Yamamoto, Minsoo Kim, Hirohiko Imai, et al. Microglia-Triggered Plasticity of Intrinsic Excitability Modulates Psychomotor Behaviors in Acute Cerebellar Inflammation. Cell Rep. SEPTEMBER 10, 2019 

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    2019-12-07 维他命
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    2019-09-15 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2019-09-15 飛歌

    学习了,很有用,不错

    0

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