取消药占比,精细化控费仍在路上

2019-02-13 梁嘉琳 健康报网

《国务院办公厅关于加强三级公立医院绩效考核工作的意见》近日发布。许多人第一时间就注意到,该《意见》剔除了药占比、耗占比等医院考核指标。国家卫生健康委医政医管局局长张宗久表示,本次绩效考核用合理用药的相关指标,取代了单一药占比指标,更注重医务人员的处方合理性和患者用药的质量安全。这标志着公立医院绩效考核揭开了精细化控费的序幕。

《国务院办公厅关于加强三级公立医院绩效考核工作的意见》近日发布。许多人第一时间就注意到,该《意见》剔除了药占比、耗占比等医院考核指标。国家卫生健康委医政医管局局长张宗久表示,本次绩效考核用合理用药的相关指标,取代了单一药占比指标,更注重医务人员的处方合理性和患者用药的质量安全。这标志着公立医院绩效考核揭开了精细化控费的序幕。

药占比一度是公立医院综合改革的重要抓手。药占比考核贯通“国家—省—市—县”各级公立医院,级级发文,层层加码。作为与“取消药品加成”并行的改革举措,药占比考核致力于倒逼公立医院的收入结构调整,逐步降低药品的收入占比,提高医疗服务的收入占比,并通过“腾笼换鸟”体现医务人员的劳务技术价值。对患者而言,药占比一定程度上扭转了部分公立医院“重用药,轻服务”的局面,有效降低了患者的诊疗总支出。

不过,粗放控费措施手段也带来一些弊端:一是成本费用转嫁,公立医院的药品、耗材费用增速压下来了,但公立医院办医的自主性和积极性被压缩;二是遏制患者需求,特别是在每年的考核期末,部分公立医院往往以各种理由拒收手术病人,拒绝使用必要的高值药物,不仅影响患者就医体验,还可能延误患者病情;三是妨碍政策落地,受药占比影响,一些进入国家、省级医保目录药物无法打通进入公立医院的“最后一公里”。

正是顺应医院、患者、产业的呼声,《意见》取消了药占比的考核指标。作为替代,在费用控制方面,新增了次均费用指标,更注重患者单次就医负担的感知度;在合理用药方面,将药占比细化为基本药物占比(含门诊、住院)、国家组织药品集中采购(俗称“4+7”带量采购)中标药品使用率等指标,划清政府调控权与医院自主权的界限。

当然,如果认为取消药占比将为高值药的医院准入“大松绑”,这是不准确的。随着公立医院面临医保/财政预算“紧平衡”、业务拓展“紧箍咒”、绩效评估紧约束,公立医院绩效考核不会变松只会更严,考核指标不会变粗只会更细,医疗界、产业界需要适应精细化控费的新常态。

下一步,考核指标、考核办法还有进一步精细化的较大空间。比如,一是防止费用分解,需要医保部门协同推进按人头付费、疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)等医保支付方式改革,避免患者就医总费用在短期内反弹。二是重视患者获益,各地要结合实际情况,更注重临床疗效、患者生存质量等患者就医刚需的“结果指标”;在满足公立医院公益性、完成基本医疗服务的基础上,甄别不同区域、不同经济发展水平的患者差异化医疗需求,对药品耗材使用、医疗资源配置等指标制定差异化的考核规则,避免“一刀切”引发过度医疗或医疗不足。有条件的地方还要综合运用移动互联网、大数据、智能可穿戴设备,实现患者长程疗效追踪和满意度反馈。三是补信息化欠账。举例来说,上海市率先实现了全市公立医疗机构数据互联互通,在国内较早取消药占比等费用控制指标,通过对药品、耗材、病组等指数/单价进行实时监控,运用精细化技术管理、行政管理手段,维持着医疗费用控制、医疗质量提升的微妙平衡。

国家版考核方案是一个新开端。任何一项单独、延时、刚性的费用控制指标,都是医改的阶段性产物。精细化管理,没有终点,永远在路上。

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    2019-02-15 HNYYM
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    2019-02-15 jml2016
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    2019-02-14 flysky120

    改革

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