Circulation:发现遗传性心律失常治疗靶点,首次建立人心脏微器官芯片疾病模型

2019-07-29 BioArt

由哈佛医学院波士顿儿童医院心脏科主任William T. Pu 教授和哈佛大学John A. Paulson工程与应用科学学院心脏微器官创始人Kevin Kit Parker教授研究组合作在Circulation杂志上发表文章Insights into the Pathogenesis of CatecholaminergicPolymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

由哈佛医学院波士顿儿童医院心脏科主任William T. Pu 教授和哈佛大学John A. Paulson工程与应用科学学院心脏微器官创始人Kevin Kit Parker教授研究组合作在Circulation杂志上发表文章Insights into the Pathogenesis of CatecholaminergicPolymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia from Engineered Human Heart Tissue,首次利用人源性心脏微器官芯片建立了遗传性心律失常体外模型,该工作完整地实现了从患者到体外疾病模型的建立,再到疾病治疗靶点开发的新型遗传性疾病诊疗研发新模式。同期在线的另一篇工作验证了该靶点可高效纠正模型小鼠心律失常疾病表型。

儿茶酚胺多形性室性心动过速(CPVT)作为一种多由兰尼碱2型受体(RYR2,心肌兴奋-收缩偶联过程中最重要的离子通道之一,负责肌质网钙离子的释放)突变导致的遗传性心律失常疾病,患者临床表现为静息状态下心率正常,但当运动或情绪激动时会发生潜在致死性心率失常。已有研究工作表明钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKII)的活化会诱导室性心动过速,但目前对RYR2突变导致心肌钙活动异常并最终诱发器官层面的室性心动过速等过程还知之甚少。此外,儿茶酚胺刺激下,RYR2突变导致心律失常性质的分子机制仍有待探索。

利用病人来源的诱导多能性干细胞(hiPSC)进行体外分化,可以得到具有病人基因型的心肌细胞(hiPSC-CM),是建立相关疾病模型并研究致病机理的绝佳材料。然而长久以来,如何利用体外培养的心肌细胞模拟心脏组织组织层面的表型一直是该领域难以突破的瓶颈。传统的单细胞检测仅能得到以动作电位异常为代表的单细胞层面表型,无法重现组织层面的病理学特征,为进一步研究心律失常组织层面特性造成了阻碍。本工作利用微加工及图案化技术,构建具有相同心肌细胞取向的心肌微器官芯片,结合光遗传及宽场钙成像,建立了“培养皿里的跑步机测试”,并在心肌组织工程水平再现了诱导性心律失常表型。

通过对疾病表型的系统评估及分析发现:携带致病突变的心肌组织钙离子激活与传播在速度及空间上具更强异质性,进而造成区域性钙信号传导阻滞,最终形成钙螺旋波,导致疾病表型。并且,该表型可被高频电场刺激或肾上腺素处理诱发,和患者临床表征一致。

以β肾上腺素为代表的儿茶酚胺通过激活CaMKII可诱发CPVT患者心律失常的发生。研究团队通过使用CaMKII抑制剂AIP不仅在单细胞层面上有效抑制了携带RYR2突变的hiPSC-CM钙火花的产生,同时在组织层面上阻断了钙螺旋波的发生。为进一步探究CaMKII激活介导的RYR2-S2814磷酸化在心律失常发生中的作用,研究团队利用基因编辑技术封闭RYR2通道上的CaMKII磷酸化位点,进而有效降低了心肌细胞中的钙离子随机释放事件并逆转了心肌组织中的心律失常表型。

综上,研究团队通过开发工程化人体心肌组织模拟了遗传性心律失常的发病表型,并首次验证其发病机理,找出了治疗靶点。该工作的成果一方面为遗传性心律失常药物的研发提供了直接的理论基础,另一方面证实了由hiPSC-CM构建的人心肌微器官芯片将成为新一代药物开发及药理毒理测试的模型。

本文的并列第一作者Sung-Jin Park和张冬卉已分别在美国乔治亚理工大学和湖北大学组建独立实验室并从事相关进一步研究。此外,该工作也受到了北京大学分子医学研究所博士毕业生路福建以及四川大学华西医院李一飞等人的协助。

专家点评

王世强(北京大学)

由于人和鼠的心脏在心率、细胞电生理性质等方面存在很大差异,遗传性心律失常模型的建立面临着许多挑战。单细胞模型很难模拟心律失常中异常电活动的传播和折返等问题。最近,哈佛大学、湖北大学等研究机构的学者利用人源性微器官芯片,结合iPSC重编程、定向诱导分化、基因编辑等技术,成功构建了遗传性儿茶酚胺敏感多态室速(CPVT)模型,并结合光遗传学技术建立“跑步机”模型,在培养皿里诱导了心律失常发生过程,探讨了CaMKII磷酸化钙释放通道RyR2在此过程中的分子调控。该研究标志着,我们不仅可以利用人源体外模型做细胞水平的功能测试,更进一步地可以在组织层面模拟人体心脏异常节律的传播,并探索其中分子机制。

该研究证明,RyR2作为作为心肌细胞肌质网钙释放通道,其磷酸化直接和心肌组织的遗传性心律失常表型相关。这将为开发更加特异的抗心律失常药物及心肌病的基因治疗提供直接靶点。该文提出通过封闭RyR2的CaMKII磷酸化位点治疗CPVT的方案因而具有重要的医学意义。

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    2019-07-31 lixiaol
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    2019-07-29 CHANGE

    梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!

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