Nat Protoc:超薄组织切片为心脏病治疗带来新希望!

2017-12-13 枫丹白露 译自 Medicalxpress 来宝网

一种在实验室中制备超薄切片心脏组织的新方法可以帮助科学家们研究细胞如何在跳动的心脏内起作用。

一种在实验室中制备超薄切片心脏组织的新方法可以帮助科学家们研究细胞如何在跳动的心脏内起作用。

心脏由数以百万计的被称为心肌细胞的单个肌细胞组成,通过交叉的胶原纤维网络保持在原位。这些细胞一起工作,同步收缩,以创造一个强有力和规律的心跳。

然而,在患有心脏病的患者中,这些细胞可能开始死亡,失去同步,或者组织结构可能受损。为了帮助患有心脏病的患者,研究人员需要了解这些过程如何以及为何会出现问题以及它们如何影响器官。

用于研究影响心脏的条件的传统方法或者使用活体动物模型(如大鼠和小鼠),这些模型可能太复杂,不能详细观察心脏,或者心脏细胞在实验室中保持活性,这可能提供关于具体细节的过度简化的观点。一个可靠的中间模型 - 可以很容易地在实验室中研究,但不会失去心脏的复杂性 - 迄今为止遥不可及。

准备好心脏

现在,帝国理工学院国家心肺研究所的研究人员Cesare Terracciano教授和Filippo Perbellini博士领导的研究小组已经完善了一种可靠的方法来生产一种非常需要的替代方法,该方法可以用来制备小动物心脏组织的样品,如啮齿动物,以及更大的动物和人类。

Perbellini博士解释说:“这种方法的主要区别在于我们考虑了心脏的结构。 “心脏是由一层肌肉纤维组成的,就像一副纸牌一样,当我们准备纸巾时,我们必须这样做,使这些纸张对齐,使它们保持完整,不被切断。”

博士研究员Samuel Watson在本月发表的一篇研究论文中概述了这一过程。他补充说:“我们的方法将所有这些因素考虑在内,并将纤维排列整齐,从而使心脏切片不会造成太大的伤害。

伦敦帝国理工学院的研究人员是第一个开发一种技术,涉及从心脏薄切片组织研究器官。

根据Terracciano的研究小组,他们精炼的方法 - 通过提供更多的细胞存活和完整的结构 - 可以通过提供新的药物和治疗冠心病,遗传性心脏病或心力衰竭等疾病来加速发展。一个更精确的器官实验模型。

更好的测试药物的工具

例如,来自心力衰竭患者心脏的组织样品可以在移植后立即被移除,并且用于测试实验药物治疗,显示哪些对病症患者具有最有益的作用。

为了获得样品,首先将心脏用冰冷的溶液冷却,然后将其从捐献者的胸部取出,并且在称为振动刀的精确切割工具切割组织之前将组织对准,产生小于活体心脏组织的薄片半毫米厚。这些片材的厚度在100-400微米之间,比人的头发稍粗一些,从心脏腔壁上切下来,为实验室研究提供了宝贵的模型。

据研究人员介绍,这种技术可以使组织中几乎所有的细胞(97%)都活着的薄组织样本变薄。这些生物组织的活页继续收缩,就像它们在活的心脏中一样,比传统制备的样本强得多,并且维持器官的复杂结构。

由于非常薄,所有的细胞都能够从溶液中接受所需的氧气和营养物质,因此组织可以长期存活下来,为研究心脏疾病提供了工具。研究人员补充说,由于可以从一颗心脏获得多个切片,该方法还可以帮助减少用于心脏研究的动物的数量。

“我们的实验室是第一个使用心肌切片的人,”Terracciano教授补充说。 “通过对技术的仔细优化,我们已经能够显着改善它,无论是在增加样品中活细胞的比例,还是在维持组织的结构和功能方面。

该程序在Nature Protocols中进行了概述,其在前封面上具有心肌切片的高分辨率图像。

原始出处:Samuel A Watson, Martina Scigliano, Ifigeneia Bardi, et al. Preparation of viable adult ventricular myocardial slices from large and small mammals. Nature Protocols 12, 2623–2639 (2017)

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    2018-08-27 liye789132251
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    2017-12-17 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

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    2017-12-15 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢作者分享!

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