Nature Metabolism:抗癌又抗衰,心脏病药物大放异彩!

2019-10-25 Paris 转化医学网

衰老--人类亘古不变的话题,即便在众多疾病侵袭的当今,也依然作为研究热点而存在,在过去的十年中,科学家们发现衰老细胞在越来越多的疾病中发挥着重要作用,从关节炎到动脉粥样硬化,甚至在癌症患者中起到了至关重要的作用。而我们已知的抗衰老药物却总会引起各种各样的毒副反应。

衰老--人类亘古不变的话题,即便在众多疾病侵袭的当今,也依然作为研究热点而存在,在过去的十年中,科学家们发现衰老细胞在越来越多的疾病中发挥着重要作用,从关节炎到动脉粥样硬化,甚至在癌症患者中起到了至关重要的作用。而我们已知的抗衰老药物却总会引起各种各样的毒副反应。

近日,伦敦医学科学研究所的细胞增殖研究小组发表在《Nature Metabolism》的文章中新发现了一种抗衰老药物--强心苷类药物,可选择性杀死体内的衰老细胞,避免了常规的药物毒副作用,突出了强心苷类药物作为广谱抗衰老药物的潜力。

衰老是一种细胞应激反应,可导致细胞的生长停滞老化、受损甚至转变为癌细胞,癌基因诱导的衰老表现为肿瘤抑制,但也可以通过分泌衰老细胞中的促炎因子而加速肿瘤的形成。今年发表在《cell》的研究中,研究人员在小鼠中评估了强心苷对肿瘤转移的影响,在3周的哇巴因治疗后,乳腺癌小鼠的总转移负担减少了80.7倍,足足比对照组少了98.8%!进一步表明强心苷显着降低了肿瘤的转移能力。

基于以上强心苷类药物对肿瘤细胞影响的机制,在本研究中,研究人员发现衰老细胞对哇巴因诱导的凋亡具有致敏作用,这一过程部分是通过诱导促凋亡的Bcl-2家族蛋白NOXA介导的。

强心苷类药物(cardiac glycosides,CGs),是一类Na+/K+ ATP酶抑制药,主要包括地高辛、洋地黄毒苷和哇巴因等,目前被广泛应用于临床心力衰竭和心律失常的治疗.越来越多的研究发现CGs除了具有离子泵功能外,还具有信号转导功能,参与细胞的增殖、凋亡等过程。

进一步探索发现,强心苷还与抗癌药物具有协同作用,杀死肿瘤细胞,并清除辐射后或老年小鼠体内积累的衰老细胞。不仅如此,哇巴因(强心苷类药物之一)还能消除衰老前肿瘤细胞。

接下来,研究团队给衰老小鼠注射了强心苷类药物,持续了28天,并用年轻小鼠做参照,经过连续数月的观察研究发现,接受注射的衰老小鼠的各项指标和年轻小鼠无明显差异,且未表现出其他异常(药物的毒副反应)。

实际上,清除衰老细胞实际上并不会像想象的那么简单。首先,细胞衰老对机体的作用并不全都是有害的,细胞衰老在抑制肿瘤形成、伤口愈合、胚胎发育、组织再生等过程中具有重要作用,而且能够在衰老过程中促进胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素,因此必须注意选择清除衰老细胞的时间、位置、方式。其次,尽管现在已经报道了很多靶向衰老细胞的小分子药物,但这些化合物脱靶效应普遍存在。第三,不同组织内的衰老细胞对于不同疗法的敏感度不同,因此在药物设计的时候不仅需要选择靶向细胞的类型,还必须使药物能够在特定组织富集。

本研究结果表明,强心苷可选择性清除体内的衰老细胞,且安全无害。还可通过多种机制起对抗肿瘤细胞的作用,是有效的抗癌药物。考虑到强心苷类药物作用于衰老细胞的广泛性,利用这些细胞治疗与年龄有关的疾病值得进一步探索。

尽管该类药物表现出抗衰老及抗癌的广阔前景,但由于不同强心药的作用强度不同,快慢及维持时间却大有差异,仍需注意合理用药,需要严格掌握用药剂量及时间,警惕强心药物中毒,规避中毒诱因。

原始出处:Ana Guerrero, Nicolás Herranz, Bin Sun, et al. Cardiac glycosides are broad-spectrum senolytics, Nature Metabolism (2019). 

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    2020-04-11 guojianrong
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    2019-12-27 一闲
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    2020-01-05 liye789132251
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    2019-10-26 闆锋旦

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智能聚合物是高分子材料研究的前沿领域。日本研究人员最近利用智能聚合物的特殊性能研发出智能抗癌纱布和智能透析装置等医疗用品。

Nature:新研究有望提高一种免疫细胞的抗癌能力

日本庆应义塾大学日前宣布,该校参与的一项研究发现了一种名为“杀手T细胞”的免疫细胞功能衰减的分子机制,可通过改变这种机制来提高这种细胞的抗癌能力,有望用于研发新的癌症疗法。这项成果已发表在英国《自然》杂志上。

J Clin Invest:阿司匹林抗癌机制大揭秘!牛津大学科学家证实,阿司匹林通过抑制癌细胞利用血小板“组团”开黑,阻止癌症转移

最近,牛津大学的科学家终于为阿司匹林的抗癌作用正名了。他们发现,阿司匹林能通过抑制血小板的聚集作用,让癌细胞无法利用血小板与其他细胞抱团,为自己提供庇护,进而使其暴露在免疫系统的打击之下;同时,阿司匹林还能破坏癌细胞在转移部位形成生态位(可以理解为适合肿瘤生长的土壤),使其难以定植。这些作用都大幅降低了癌细胞的转移成功率。

Sci Trans Med:“肿瘤粘扣”可助精准抗癌

美国麻省理工学院研究人员发现一种特殊蛋白质能像“肿瘤粘扣”一样,把具有抗癌作用的细胞因子“粘”在肿瘤组织中,提升抗癌效果,未来有望在此基础上开发新型的精准抗癌疗法。