Nat Med:癌细胞已哭晕!人类又整新招断其粮道!

2018-01-22 佚名 生物探索

早前,探索君曾报道过一种廉价感冒药被证实有望“饿死”癌细胞。现在,《Nature Medicine》期刊又提供了一种通过阻断营养而消灭癌细胞的“妙招”:科学家们首次发现一种新型的化合物,能够切断肿瘤氨基酸代谢通路,从而抑制肿瘤生长。

“不同于正常的健康细胞,肿瘤细胞需要特别的代谢需求。” Charles Manning认为,“这些额外需求让科学家们有机会借助化学、放射学、分子成像等形式发现潜在的癌症诊疗手段。”

他带领团队找到了一种新型的小分子化合物,能够阻止癌细胞吸收必须的营养物质——谷氨酰胺(Glutamine),从而抑制肿瘤的生长。


图片来源:期刊(doi:10.1038/nm.4464)

新招能“饿死”癌细胞

谷氨酰胺是许多细胞维持正常功能的必需氨基酸,包括生物合成、细胞信号和防止抗氧化损伤。癌细胞的分裂速度远快于正常细胞,因而它们需要更多的谷氨酰胺。

已有研究表明,ACST2蛋白质是谷氨酰胺进入癌细胞的主要转运蛋白。在肺癌乳腺癌结肠癌等癌症中,ACST2蛋白水平的上调与患者存活率有关。当抑制ACST2基因表达,会显著抑制癌细胞生长。

Charles Manning团队相信,靶向谷氨酰胺代谢是一种“精准抗癌的潜在策略”。他们基于这一推测,开发出首个强效靶向ACST2蛋白的小分子抑制剂——V-9302,并证实V-9302能够阻断ACST2蛋白的表达,从而导致癌细胞扩增减少、氧化损伤增加,最终引发死亡。

但是,他们强调说:“当使用这一新型抑制剂治疗谷氨酰胺依赖型肿瘤时,需要验证相应的生物标志物。”这是因为V-9302响应与否,很大程度上取决于ACST2转运体的活性,而不是ACST2蛋白的表达。


图示为V-9302靶向谷氨酰胺转运体的模型(图片来源:Vanderbilt University)

“可视化”精准抗癌

更重要的是,他们将非侵入式的正电子发射型计算机断层显像技术(PET)与这一小分子抑制剂结合起来——通过将一种成像同位素黏附于V-9302药物上,实现“V-9302是否能够靶向谷氨酰胺快速代谢的肿瘤”的实时监测。

目前,范德堡大学医学中心的研究团队正在进行5项临床试验,以测试一种名为18F-FSPG的新型PET示踪剂诊断肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌的潜力。

Charles Manning表示:“如果我们能够借助某一特定药物实现肿瘤可视化监测,那么将推进癌症的精准医疗。”

原始出处:

Michael L Schulte, Allie Fu, Ping Zhao, et.al. Pharmacological blockade of ASCT2-dependent glutamine transport leads to antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Nature Medicine 15 January 2018

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    2018-10-11 liye789132251
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    2018-01-24 yxch36
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    2018-01-22 漩涡尽头

    好好学习.天天向上

    0

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    2018-01-22 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

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光动力疗法通常用于治疗脑肿瘤,因为它具有特异性——它可以靶向含有癌细胞的非常小的区域,同时使其周围的正常细胞免受损伤。它通过将称为光敏剂的药物注射到血液中,其中它聚集在细胞中,然后将药物填充的细胞暴露于光。当光敏剂暴露在这种光下时,它会释放所谓的导致细胞死亡的活性氧(ROS)。该方法是精确的,因为光敏剂优先聚集在癌细胞中。因此,当它们暴露于光时,正常的细胞将免受损害。