JCO:EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者的治疗策略

2017-05-22 Ryy 肿瘤资讯

对于EGFR突变型NSCLC患者EGFR-TKI已经成为标准一线治疗方案。EGFR-TKI可以显着延长患者生存且不良反应小。体内、外研究均显示EGFR-TKI可以透过血脑屏障,为其应用于脑转移患者提供了依据。那么临床实践中应该如何为EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者制定治疗方案?先放疗还是先使用EGFR-TKI?

对于EGFR突变型NSCLC患者EGFR-TKI已经成为标准一线治疗方案。EGFR-TKI可以显着延长患者生存且不良反应小。体内、外研究均显示EGFR-TKI可以透过血脑屏障,为其应用于脑转移患者提供了依据。那么临床实践中应该如何为EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者制定治疗方案?先放疗还是先使用EGFR-TKI?

背景

在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的疾病过程中,40%会出现脑转移,而表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变患者这一比例更高。北美肺腺癌患者EGFR活性突变率为15%,而亚洲患者可达60%。靶向药物对于EGFR突变型NSCLC患者生存期的延长及中枢神经系统(CNS)影像检查的监测使得脑转移的检出率增高。随着靶向药物及免疫治疗药物的应用,EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者的总生存(OS)可以达到19-58个月。

目前EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)已经成为进展期、复发、转移EGFR突变型NSCLC患者一线治疗选择。脑转移传统治疗方式包括立体定向放射外科治疗(SRS)、全脑放疗(WBRT)或两者相结合。一项II期临床研究评价厄洛替尼(一种EGFR-TKI)治疗EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者,脑转移后OS可以达到15.9-22.9个月,无进展生存(PFS) 5.8-14.5月,CNS局部客观反应率(ORR) 为55-89%。

许多II期研究评估了脑转移患者EGFR-TKI序贯SRS或WBRT对比SRS或WBRT序贯EGFR-TKI的疗效。究竟何种治疗策略是EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者的最佳治疗方式?

方法

回顾性分析,2008年1月至2014年12月31日,6个研究中心,未接受过EGFR-TKI治疗的EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者。接受EGFR-TKI序贯SRS或WBRT(A组)、WBRT序贯EGFR-TKI治疗(B组)、SRS序贯EGFR-TKI治疗(C组)。

结果

共纳入351例患者,A组131例(37%),B组120例(34%),C组100例(29%)。三组患者在确诊脑转移时的平均年龄分别为60、58、63岁。A组患者较其他两组存在症状性脑转移的比例低(A组12% vs. B组51% 及C组49%; P <0.001),脑转移灶≤1 cm的比例更高(A组66% vs. B组35%及C组44%; P <0.001)。B组患者预后不良因素更明显(ds-GPA 0-1.5; B组75% vs. A组59%及C组52%; P =0 .001),脑转移灶>10个的比例更多(B组37% vs. A组15%及C组 7%; P<0.001)。A组和B组患者在确诊时为IV期的比例更高(A组91%及B组92% vs. C组80%; P = 0.014)。三组在年龄、性别、ECOG评分、吸烟状态、EGFR突变状态及颅外转移等方面没有差异。

对于全部研究队列,脑转移后OS 为30个月(95% CI, 27-34月)。A组25个月(95% CI, 20-28月),B组 30 个月(95% CI, 27- 38月),C组46 个月 (95% CI, 37- 57月),三组具有统计学差异(P <0.001)。三组两年生存率分别为51%, (95% CI, 42% - 60%), 62% (95% CI, 52%-70%),78% (95% CI, 66%-85%)。多因素分析显示前线SRS治疗是OS提高的独立相关因素(HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.26-0.58; P<0.001);前线WBRT也是OS提高的独立相关因素(HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.98; P=0.039)。

三组颅内病灶进展的时间分别为17个月(95% CI, 14-30)、24个月(95% CI, 21-30)、23个月(95% CI, 18-28),具有统计学差异(P = 0.025)。应用竞争风险回归模型,前线SRS和WBRT治疗具有降低颅内进展的趋势(SRS HR,0.73,95% CI, 0.52-1.02; P = 0.062;WBRT HR,0.92,95% CI, 0.66-1.29),但没有达到统计学差异(P = 0.640)。

亚组分析显示对于dsGPA 2-4的患者,接受前线SRS较接受WBRT或EGFR-TKI治疗具有更长的OS(SRS 64个月 95%CI 46-未达到;WBRT 52个月 95%CI 32-79月;EGFR-TKI 32个月 95%CI 26-39月)。

A组的131例患者中68例出现颅内进展并接受了放疗(29例SRS,29例WBRT,10例SRS+WBRT)。B组120例患者中有29例(24%)后序接受了SRS。C组100例患者中有25例(25%)后续再次进行SRS、11(11%)例接受后续WBRT、8例(9%)接受了后续SRS+WBRT。

结论

前线EGFR-TKI延后放疗对于EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者不利,SRS序贯EGFR-TKI可以使这类患者延长生存并避免WBRT造成的潜在认知功能障碍等不良反应。

评论

该研究对于EGFR-TKI前线应用于EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者得出了不利的结论,更推荐使用前线SRS序贯EGFR-TKI的治疗策略。虽然结果显示了三组OS具有统计学差异(SRS 46月、WBRT30月、EGFR-TKI 25月),但这不足以改变目前临床实践。评论指出本研究存在回顾性研究的固有缺陷。选择性偏倚会影响PFS结果,前线EGFR-TKI疾病控制良好的患者没有进入交叉组治疗,而前线脑放疗基本可以在1-3周内完成,疾病进展后大部分患者会接受EGFR-TKI治疗。非随机设计、基线的差异均会对结果产生影响。

小编点评

该研究的目的非常具有临床意义,如何为EGFR突变型NSCLC脑转移患者选择最佳治疗方式、延长患者生存是目前临床实践中棘手的问题。研究的样本量是目前文献中最大的。OS结果也具有统计学意义。但对于该结论的临床解读应该谨慎。

该研究为回顾性研究,在症状性脑转移患者比例、脑转移灶≤1 cm的患者比例、IV其患者的比例、脑转移病灶数量>10等方面三组基线水平存在差异。前线放疗的两组患者中,后期暴露于EGFR-TKI药物的比例较高,对于这两组患者OS的延长必然产生影响。另外三个治疗组后续接受全身化疗等后续治疗的因素也会影响OS值。需要进一步随机对照试验来验证本研究的结论。

原始出处:

William J. Magnuson, Nataniel H. Lester-Coll, et al. Management of Brain Metastases in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–Na?ve Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Multi-Institutional Analysis. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2016.69.7144 Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 10 (April 2017) 1070-1077.

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    2017-08-08 zhaojie88
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    2017-05-23 liuyiping
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    2017-05-22 执着追梦

    学习,感谢分享

    0

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