Biol Psychiatry:治疗海洛因成瘾的新靶点

2017-04-02 欧阳沐 生物通

根据西奈山医学院在《生物精神病学》杂志上的最新报道,使用海洛因的年限越长,高度乙酰化的水平越高。这项研究首次提供了直接证据证明:鸦片导致人类大脑表观遗传学改变,包括成瘾性药物如若无人之地般改变部分DNA的开合,从而控制有关成瘾性基因的打开或关闭。


海洛因成瘾是一种慢性、复发性脑部疾病,表现为不计任何负面后果的、强制性的、无法自控的药物使用行为。过去几年,海洛因滥用导致的致死事件屡见不鲜。但是海洛因成瘾的分子机制一直鲜有报道。如今,越来越多的研究表明,长期滥用成瘾性药物导致脑部基因表达异常,是成瘾行为形成及维持的重要分子机理之一。海洛因成瘾与过量的组蛋白乙酰化有关,是一个表观遗传学过程调控基因表达。

根据西奈山医学院在《生物精神病学》杂志上的最新报道,使用海洛因的年限越长,高度乙酰化的水平越高。这项研究首次提供了直接证据证明:鸦片导致人类大脑表观遗传学改变,包括成瘾性药物如若无人之地般改变部分DNA的开合,从而控制有关成瘾性基因的打开或关闭。

表观遗传学是研究人类基因变化(而非我们从父母那里继承的DNA代码的变化)的一门科学,它涉及一些分子对我们遗传物质的调控。DNA连接蛋白的组蛋白乙酰化,乙酰基官能团从一个分子上被专一到另外一个分子上,是一个激活基因表达的重要过程。

为了揭开海洛因成瘾的分子机制,西奈山的研究团队聚焦于一个参与药物成瘾的大脑区域——纹状体(目标导向的行为和习惯形成的核心区域)的研究。研究人员检测了48名海洛因使用者和37名正常对照者的死后人体组织,对比发现,海洛因使用者的调节谷氨酸功能基因(谷氨酸受体基因GRIA1)的乙酰化发生了改变。谷氨酸是调节药物奖赏系统和控制觅药行为的神经递质。

西奈山医学院精神病学和神经科学教授,成瘾障碍中心主任,Yasmin Hurd博士说,我们推测,我们研究中所揭露的表观遗传学损伤,会使成瘾行为相关的重要基因的基因转录毫无障碍地被增强了。由于表观遗传损伤是对DNA的物理改变,而不是改变基因序列,因此它们有可能被逆转,所以我们下一步就是使之成为可能。

研究人员让大鼠自由选择性摄食海洛因,构建海洛因成瘾大鼠模型,在它们体内发现了同人类尸检结果一致的高度乙酰化改变。研究小组使用JQ1(一种抗癌化合物,能够抑制DNA的乙酰化表观遗传修饰)治疗成瘾大鼠,发现JQ1减少了实验大鼠主动摄食海洛因的剂量。重要的是,在大鼠被“戒毒”后,JQ1能够减少大鼠重新摄食海洛因的行为。这表示JQ1可能会为长期海洛因使用者带来福音。

Hurd博士说,我们的研究结果表明,JQ1和其他类似化合物可能是一个海洛因使用障碍的有效治疗工具。而我们通过创建动物模型,发现的成瘾相关基因的表观遗传学的改变,将有利于未来人类大脑与成瘾相关的研究。

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    2017-08-19 sunylz
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    2017-04-04 lsndxfj
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