血制品修复态势明显 专家:前景广阔但投资仍需警惕政策风险

2019-09-08 徐红 财联社

上市公司2019年半年报披露已结束。纵观报告期内医药板块各子行业(按申万三级行业分类)的表现,其中以生物制品板块最为突出,疫苗保持了较好的势头,血制品修复态势明显,而生长激素等产品也表现出了优异的销售态势。

上市公司2019年半年报披露已结束。纵观报告期内医药板块各子行业(按申万三级行业分类)的表现,其中以生物制品板块最为突出,疫苗保持了较好的势头,血制品修复态势明显,而生长激素等产品也表现出了优异的销售态势。

对行业触底回升的预期加上业绩的佐证,血液制品被认为是目前医药板块确定性较高的细分领域之一,受到市场关注。那么,投资A股血液制品行业需要注意什么?整个行业又有哪些利好与利空因素?

对此,业内资深专家认为,从市场发展空间来看,国内血制品行业仍有较大的潜力;同时,从产品生产层面来看,企业的生产技术与管理水平已基本能保证血液制品的安全性。不过,这个行业也不可避免地存在着一些问题,如血浆原料的供应不足、血制品临床应用能力不够等。此外,目前行业监管体系还不够科学和合理,这就会导致一定的政策风险,可能会较大地影响行业的未来发展。

血浆管理仍待松绑

人的血液由有形成分(红细胞、白细胞、血小板)和无形成分(血浆)两部分组成。通过加入抗凝剂,血液可分离成三部分,从下往上依次为红细胞+血小板、白细胞以及血浆。血浆即为血液制品的原料。

在我国,用于生产血液制品的原料血浆都是通过依法设立的单采血浆站进行采集。而出于保障血液制品安全的考虑,我国对单采血浆站的管理较为严格,对新设浆站设定了严格的要求和条件,导致浆站数量增长缓慢。

此外,目前血浆来源有单采血浆和回收血浆两种。单采血浆主要通过商业化的单采血浆站获得,利用单采血浆技术从人体采集血浆,其他成分则当场回输至捐献者体内;回收血浆主要通过政府或非营利性机构采集。从人体中采集全血,在体外进行分离,分离出的红细胞、血小板、白细胞作为临床使用,剩余血浆则可用于临床或工业生产

但不同于欧美国家“允许回收血浆用于血液制品的生产”的政策,在中国,回收血浆并不允许调拨给血制品企业,企业原料血浆只能通过单采血浆技术采集。多个原因综合在一起,最后导致国内血浆供应能力的不足。

“我们国家血制品行业最大的问题在于血浆的管理。目前国内血制品企业合并生产能力在20000吨以上,年血浆需求量在12000吨~15000吨左右,而2018年的全国血浆采集量大概8600余吨,所以这个行业不是产能跟不上,也不是没有需求,而是原料血浆的紧缺。”一位业内专家在接受记者采访时表示。

血制品临床应用潜力仍待释放

血浆蛋白通过分离提纯可以得到白蛋白、免疫球蛋白及凝血因子三大类血液制品。而与国外相比,国内血制品行业存在的另一大问题便是血液制品品类仍有限(国外20多种,国内10多种)。

“此外,在我们国家,公众以及医生对血液制品的认识和了解也都很有限,导致血制品临床使用不够广泛。在国内,起码80%~90%的临床医生对血液制品并不了解,更何况普通老百姓。”前述专家表示。

“以免疫球蛋白为例,静脉注射用免疫球蛋白在国外的临床应有80多种,包括癌症治疗、对抗某些严重的细菌和病毒感染等,在国外静脉注射用免疫球蛋白一直供不应求,但在国内却还有很大的库存。这也说明我们对医生的再教育、对病人的科普都还不够,需要加强。”对方解释道。

“目前静丙(静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白)有一定滞销,主要原因是国内企业出于种种原因,学术推广积极性不高,现在就只有中生集团会做一些。”一位企业人士向记者证实道。

有趣的是,在日前发表于学术期刊《细胞研究》(Cell Research)的一篇论文中,四川大学宋旭教授领导的研究团队在人体内发现一组抗菌性蛋白可以有效抗击超级细菌,为应对多重耐药细菌的危机提供了一种潜在的新策略。而这种抗菌性蛋白就是凝血因子。

行业监管体系仍待完善

2019年2月5日,上海新兴医药股份有限公司静注人免疫球蛋白被曝出艾滋病抗体阳性。一时之间,血液制品安全性以及企业的生产管理水平再次成为舆论焦点。

“事实上,我们国家的血液制品质量与国外相比相差无几,有些企业的一些产品甚至比国外都好。在安全性方面,目前血液制品生产在病毒灭活处理上的技术已经相当成熟,基本可以保证用药安全,这10多年来,世界上很少发现通过血液制品感染的艾滋病、丙肝或者乙肝等。所以技术层面是没有问题的。”前述业内专家告诉记者。

“另外,原料血浆在采集时、在投料生产前还要通过多次病毒检疫,血制品在出厂前以及上市前也要通过多次检测,基本也是能排除病毒污染的可能的。”对方补充道。

“技术并不会是制约国内血制品行业发展的‘拦路虎’,相关监管及管理体系的不完善才是。目前,监管国内血制品行业的主要有卫健委(疾控中心隶属于卫健委体系)和药监局两个部门,其中卫健委管理血源,而药监局监管质量,但关于这个行业的一些政策制定却是没有一个相对应的机构来做,以引导企业的健康科学发展。”上述业内专家告诉记者。

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    2019-09-15 thm112988

    0

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    2019-09-10 bioon3
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    2019-09-09 phoebeyan520

    学习了

    0

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    2019-09-09 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0