Chronobio Int:你还敢熬夜吗?研究证实:熬夜提高早死风险

2018-04-14 顾金涛 环球科学ScientificAmeric

熬夜不利于身体健康,这一观点已经成为科学界的共识。大量研究已经从不同角度揭示了熬夜对身体造成的危害:熬夜不仅让你长胖、提升糖尿病发病率,甚至还会增加患阿尔兹海默病的风险。如果这些健康风险还没有打消你晚睡的念头,那么请看完下面这项最新研究:科学研究首次证实,相比于作息正常的人群,“夜猫子”早死的风险更高。

熬夜不利于身体健康,这一观点已经成为科学界的共识。大量研究已经从不同角度揭示了熬夜对身体造成的危害:熬夜不仅让你长胖、提升糖尿病发病率,甚至还会增加患阿尔兹海默病的风险。如果这些健康风险还没有打消你晚睡的念头,那么请看完下面这项最新研究:科学研究首次证实,相比于作息正常的人群,“夜猫子”早死的风险更高。

40万参与者揭示熬夜早死风险

这项研究发表在4月12日的Chronobiology International期刊,作者是美国西北大学的Kristen Knuston和英国萨里大学的Malcolm von Schantz,这也是科学家首次关注熬夜的死亡风险。研究人员从英国生物样本库(UK Biobank)获取了43万名年龄在38岁至73岁的用户的数据,并对这些人的健康状况、是否死亡及死因进行了平均时间长达6年半的跟踪。

在研究开始时,参与者需回答他们的睡眠类型,是“夜猫子”还是“早鸟”,或者是处于两者之间。

研究发现,习惯熬夜的人患糖尿病、心理障碍、胃肠功能紊乱、神经系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病等一系列病症的风险都要高于早睡的人。由于这些疾病本身也增加了死亡风险,为了排除这些因素对早死率的影响,研究人员对此做了校正。结果显示,经校正后,在六年半的研究时间内,晚睡者的早死风险仍然比早睡者高出了10%。

这项研究没有解释不同睡眠类型死亡率存在差异的原因,但一些行为可能与此相关。例如,一些研究揭示,晚睡的人饮食健康的比例较低,而且饮酒、使用非法药物的比例更高。

熬夜的原因:基因还是环境

是哪些因素让你变成一只“夜猫子”?你可能会想起高中时期怎么也做不完的作业,或者是大学时在宿舍熬夜打游戏的场景。的确,这些环境因素对我们的睡眠习惯产生了很大的影响,但遗传因素同样不可忽略。根据作者此前的研究,遗传与环境因素对睡眠类型有着同等重要的影响。

“这种现象出现的原因可能是身体内部的生物钟和外部环境不匹配,”Knuston说,“也可能与自身行为有关,包括心理压力、进食时间不合适、锻炼不足、睡得不够、独自在晚上醒着,或者是药物与酒精。”

研究者称,如果你的睡眠习惯与你的生物钟不相符,一系列生理后果将显现出来。此前的研究也表明,昼夜节律失调会导致血糖代谢和情绪受损。

改变睡眠习惯,或是…改变工作时间?

“夜猫子并非命中注定就是夜猫子,”Knuston说,“有些因素你改变不了,另一些因素则是你能够控制的。”

为了改变晚睡的习惯,你可以做这些尝试:尽量不要在深夜开灯,并让阳光在清晨照进室内;努力保持规律的上床时间,防止越睡越晚;有意识地保持健康的生活方式,重视睡眠时间;尽早完成一天的工作等事项。

对于遗传因素导致的晚睡,研究人员也提出了他们的建议:“一旦我们意识到睡眠类型部分由基因决定,而不全是个人的过错,那我们应该让夜猫子的工作时间更灵活,”Knutson说,“不应该强迫他们早起赶8点的班,而是要让上下班时间符合人们的睡眠类型。有些人可能更适合较晚的上班时间。”

“我们不能再忽视这个公共卫生问题的重要性了,“Schantz也表示,除了工作时间的调整,“晚睡者的生物钟与太阳光照时间同步需要费更多功夫,我们需要研究如何帮助他们应对。”

在未来的研究中,Knutson和同事希望干预夜猫子的睡眠习惯。“然后我们可以监测他们的血压和总体健康是否有改善,”她说。

原始出处:Kristen L. Malcolm von Schantz . Associations between chronotype, morbidity and mortality in the UK Biobank cohort. Chronobiology International. 

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    2018-11-10 sunylz
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    2018-04-19 yfjms

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    2018-04-18 yfjms

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    学习了

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    2018-04-16 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

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    2018-04-15 wzb521zf

    一起学习学习

    0

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    2018-04-15 小贝熊

    为了改变晚睡的习惯.你可以做这些尝试:尽量不要在深夜开灯.并让阳光在清晨照进室内,努力保持规律的上床时间.防止越睡越晚,有意识地保持健康的生活方式.重视睡眠时间,尽早完成一天的工作等事项.

    0

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