2018中国脑卒中防治报告,我国脑卒中有五高特点:高发病率、高致残率、高死亡率、高复发率和高经济负担

2019-02-21 卢芳 中国循环杂志

近日,《中国脑卒中防治报告2018》概要在我刊发布【点击可见原文】。 报告指出,虽然我国脑血管斌防治工作已初显成效,但仍面临巨大挑战,防治体系亟待进一步加强。


近日,《中国脑卒中防治报告2018》概要在我刊发布【点击可见原文】。

报告指出,虽然我国脑血管斌防治工作已初显成效,但仍面临巨大挑战,防治体系亟待进一步加强。

但我国脑卒中仍呈现出高发病率、高致残率、高死亡率、高复发率、高经济负担五大特点。

我国每12秒就有一人发生脑卒中,每21秒就有一人死于脑卒中。脑卒中是我国国民第一位死亡病因。

脑卒中是我国成年人致死和致残的首位原因

报告显示,我国脑血管斌防治工作已初显成效,1994~2013年中国男性脑卒中人口标化死亡率年下降率为2.7%,女性下降4.1%。

但是,脑血管病仍是我国成年人致死和致残的首位原因,每5位死亡者中就至少有1人死于脑卒中。

随着社会老龄化和城市化进程加速,居民不健康生活方式流行,心血管病危险因素普遍暴露,我国脑卒中疾病负担有爆发式增长的态势,并呈现出低收入群体快速增长、性别和地域差异明显以及年轻化趋势。

脑卒中发病“北高南低,中部突出”

相关数据显示,40岁及以上脑卒中患者首次发病的平均年龄为60.9~63.4岁。

脑卒中发病率、患病率、死亡率基本表现为“北高南低,中部突出”的趋势。

我国男性、女性脑卒中平均发病年龄分别为65.5岁和67.6岁。我国脑卒中平均发病年龄比美国早10年。

脑卒中不是“老年病”

很多人认为脑卒中是“老年病”。事实上,四五十岁甚至二三十岁就突发脑卒中的人并不少见。目前,我国40~74岁居民首次脑卒中标化发病率平均每年增长8.3%。

我国有1242万脑卒中患者

≥40岁居民脑卒中标化患病率由2012年的1.89%上升至2016年的2.19%,推算≥40岁居民脑卒中现患人数1242万。

此外,报告指出,脑卒中的复发率也较高,一项35家医院中进行的研究显示,首次脑卒中后1年复发率高达17.1%。

每年196万人因脑卒中死亡,农村是重灾区

2017年,我国约有196万人死于脑卒中。其中,脑卒中是农村居民首要病因。

住院费用大幅升高

缺血性脑卒中的伤残调整寿命年(DALY)整体仍呈现明显上升态势,从2005年的1016.10/10万上升到2016年的1186.22/10万,而同时期出血性脑卒中的DALY则从1935.58/10万下降到2016年的1639.15/10万。

《2017中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》数据显示,2005~2016年脑出血与脑梗死的出院人数及人均医药费用均呈增长态势,尤其是脑梗死住院患者人数呈爆发式增长。

其中,脑卒中住院患者中,出血性脑卒中患者人均住院总费用为17787元,缺血性脑卒中患者人均住院费用为9387元,与2010年相比分别增长了61.4%和31.4%。

为做好防控,区域卒中防治网络建设、脑卒中筛查与防治基地医院建设、中国卒中中心建设、中国卒中数据中心建设、卒中防治规范化培训进展等已全面铺开,脑卒中高危人群筛查和干预项目等也在推进,并启动了一系列相关行动。

《中国脑卒中防治报告》自2015年每年发布一次,这是第4版。

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    2019-02-22 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

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