为什么老年人打流感疫苗,效果可能会差?

2019-02-23 杨金伟 健康报医生频道

先提出一个问题,为什么有些老年人群打了流感疫苗后,效果较差呢? 2月20日,《细胞—宿主与微生物》杂志发表一项新发现:流感疫苗在老年人群中效果可能较差的原因,主要与执行体液免疫的B淋巴细胞(人体的一种免疫细胞)有关,B细胞难以产生可充分适应并对抗新出现的流感病毒株的抗体。

先提出一个问题,为什么有些老年人群打了流感疫苗后,效果较差呢?

2月20日,《细胞—宿主与微生物》杂志发表一项新发现:流感疫苗在老年人群中效果可能较差的原因,主要与执行体液免疫的B淋巴细胞(人体的一种免疫细胞)有关,B细胞难以产生可充分适应并对抗新出现的流感病毒株的抗体。

随着年龄的增长,B细胞及其所分泌的抗体突变会减少,面对不断变化的流感病毒,无法带来有效保护。这一研究表明,促进B细胞产生保护性突变的疫苗是提高老年人流感免疫力应该优先考虑的方向。

关键点:衰老削弱免疫系统

衰老对免疫系统的削弱已被公认为是老年人生病和死亡的一个主要原因。绝大多数流感所致死亡的病例发生在65岁以上老年人群中,而且老年人接种流感疫苗后,所产生的抗体反应也显著降低。

正因如此,流感是目前老年人死亡的主要原因之一,接种疫苗只能保护部分老年人群。

老年人和年轻人对流感病毒反应不同?

为了探究其潜在的机制,该论文通讯作者、芝加哥大学教授帕特里克·威尔逊及其团队比较了老年人和年轻人的B细胞和抗体对不同流感病毒株疫苗接种的反应。

结果表明,年轻人的B细胞会持续累积近期的突变,但是老年人的B细胞则基本保持不变,缺乏相应的适应性,难以应对新出现的不同流感病毒株。“

老年人的抗体不记忆新病毒了吗?

研究最主要的推断是,当新流行的流感病毒感染老年人时,因为老年人体内抗体的保护作用不足,他们没有足够的‘武器’去对抗流感。”帕特里克·威尔逊介绍,老年人的抗体来自于生命早期产生的交叉反应记忆B细胞,对新流感病毒株的适应性较低,其对童年期间流行的历史病毒株具有更高的亲和力,而对那些流行时间更接近现在的现代病毒株亲和力较低。

老年人的抗体仅能靶向应对流感病毒的部分保守蛋白和结构,应对突变较少,不足以有效应对不断进化的病毒。相比之下,年轻人的抗体能够更好地识别流感病毒上新突变的分子。

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    2019-02-24 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0

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    2019-02-23 183****7028

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    2019-02-23 12543c13m83暂无昵称

    谢谢分享

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    2019-02-23 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0