Neuron:新研究为治疗阿尔茨海默病提供新思路

2018-03-08 周舟 新华社

美国和中国研究人员7日发表在美国《神经元》杂志上的两篇论文显示,小胶质细胞表面的髓细胞触发受体2(TREM2)可与贝塔淀粉样蛋白结合,有助阿尔茨海默病患者恢复神经功能。


美国和中国研究人员7日发表在美国《神经元》杂志上的两篇论文显示,小胶质细胞表面的髓细胞触发受体2(TREM2)可与贝塔淀粉样蛋白结合,有助阿尔茨海默病患者恢复神经功能。

小胶质细胞属于神经胶质细胞,是中枢神经系统中的一道主要免疫防线。阿尔茨海默病是一种中枢神经系统退行性疾病,被认为与贝塔淀粉样蛋白在脑内过度蓄积有关。

第一篇论文显示,TREM2可与贝塔淀粉样蛋白的低聚体结合。若移除TREM2,小胶质细胞上的钙离子通道会受到抑制,从而难以激活这种免疫细胞。

第二篇论文显示,在小鼠模型上增加TREM2受体的表达水平使阿尔茨海默病不再发展,甚至让实验动物的认知功能得到恢复。

参加了上述两项研究的美国桑福德-伯纳姆·普利比斯医学发现研究所神经科学教授许华曦说,TREM2与贝塔淀粉样蛋白结合后,可激活小胶质细胞去降解贝塔淀粉样蛋白。TREM2受体活动的增加可增强小胶质细胞应答水平,从而缓解阿尔茨海默病症状。

许华曦介绍,实验中移除TREM2是通过基因敲除实现的,而增加TREM2表达水平则使用以质粒、病毒或细菌人工染色体为载体介导的人源基因表达技术来实现。

此前研究人员已知TREM2突变会显著增加患阿尔茨海默病的风险,新研究揭示了这一受体的工作细节,为未来的新治疗方案提供思路。“调控小胶质细胞而非仅抑制贝塔淀粉样蛋白的产生,这可能成为防治阿尔茨海默病的新研究方向。”许华曦说。

福建医科大学、厦门大学、得克萨斯大学和加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员参与了研究。

原始出处:

1.Yingjun Zhao, et al.TREM2 Is a Receptor for β-Amyloid that Mediates Microglial Function.Neuron, Vol. 97, Issue 5, p1023–1031.e7

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    2019-01-05 晓辰
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    2018-06-28 by2021
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    2018-03-10 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

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