Nat Med:新研究称肠道细菌检测可用于预测结肠直肠癌

2019-04-08 佚名 新华网

一个国际研究团队日前发表报告称,对肠道细菌的研究分析,可用于对不同人群进行结肠直肠癌有效预测,从而实现结肠直肠癌的早期诊断和治疗。

一个国际研究团队日前发表报告称,对肠道细菌的研究分析,可用于对不同人群进行结肠直肠癌有效预测,从而实现结肠直肠癌的早期诊断和治疗。

发表在新一期英国《自然·医学》期刊上的报告说,由巴西卡马戈癌症中心领衔的国际研究团队对采集自德国、法国、意大利、中国、日本、加拿大和美国的969人的粪便样本中的遗传物质进行了分析。研究对象由结肠直肠癌患者和健康人两组人群构成。

经对比发现,结肠癌患者中肠道细菌群的丰富度要比对照组健康人高得多。比如患者体内一种名叫具核梭杆菌的常见口腔细菌数量就高于对照组。研究人员表示,虽然尚不清楚这种口腔细菌迁移到肠道的原因,但具核梭杆菌进入肠道后可引起肠道炎症,被认为有可能引发癌症。研究人员发现了16种与结肠直肠癌相关细菌。

此外,研究人员还在结肠直肠癌患者的粪便标本中发现远多于对照组的胆碱三甲胺裂解酶的痕迹,这表明肠道细菌的胆碱代谢与结肠直肠癌有关。胆碱是存在于红肉和其他高脂肪食物中的一种营养素。当酶分解含有胆碱的食物时,它会释放出致癌物质乙醛。

“这一发现有助于预防结肠直肠癌,因为肠道内细菌的数量是可以通过饮食加以控制的。”卡马戈癌症中心的埃马努埃尔·迪亚斯·内托解释说。他表示,高脂肪膳食可能会对健康造成不利影响,因为这会导致有害细菌数量的增多。

结肠直肠癌是全球第三常见的癌症。它还是对女性而言第二致命、对男性而言第三致命的常见恶性肿瘤。如果诊断及时,其治愈率可以达到95%。

原始出处:Andrew Maltez Thomas, Paolo Manghi, Francesco Asnicar, et al. Metagenomic analysis of colorectal cancer datasets identifies cross-cohort microbial diagnostic signatures and a link with choline degradation. Nat Med. 01 April 2019

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